The Civil War was and still is a controversial period in our nation's history. Reasons for the war and policies of the opposing governments continue to stir interest and debate among scholars even today, 135 years after the issue was "resolved". During the war, newspapers carried headlines of atrocities, especially in the Union, after the exchange of prisoners halted and misery multiplied in Confederate prisons not equipped to handle increasing populations. Emotions and tempers flared, then, resulted in retribution on both sides.

Camp Chase, Columbus, Ohio, 1861-1865: A Study of the Union's Treatment of Confederate Prisoners of War (The American Civil War)

History

U.S. Army Command and General Staff College

Penny Hill Press

Americas

CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform

FACT OR FICTION? COLONEL JOSHUA L. CHAMBERLAIN AT GETTYSBURG AS DEPICTED IN MICHAEL SHAARA'S THE KILLER ANGELS. A historical analysis of Colonel Chamberlain and the 20th Maine Infantry, and their action at the Battle of Gettysburg on 2 July 1863 in comparison with the novel The Killer Angels, by Major George A. Latham II, USA. This study analyses Michael Shaara's portrayal of the Battle of Gettysburg from the Northern perspective. It briefly describes how the U.S. Army uses the novel The Killer Angels formally and informally to conduct leadership training and to study the Battle of Gettysburg. Michael Shaara's career and background as an author as well as how he researched and wrote the Pulitzer Prize winning novel are described. The strategy of the Northern and Southern senior leadership resulting in the Battle of Gettysburg is analyzed. The background of the 20th Maine and its colonel are studied for their significance in the outcome of the battle. A comparison of events leading to Gettysburg as well as the actual fight on 2 July 1863 for the Little Round Top is conducted to portray historical inaccuracies and to reinforce accuracies. Events as they relate to Colonel Joshua Chamberlain's character, leadership and actions are the focus for the thesis' analysis. The study develops an analysis useful to supplement The Killer Angels in Army leadership instruction.

Fact or Fiction? Colonel Joshua L. Chamberlain at Gettysburg as Depicted in Michael Shaara's "The Killer Angels"

Ulysses S. Grant began his military service in 1839 when he entered the U.S. Military Academy. Upon graduation in 1843, he was assigned to an infantry regiment that was destined for duty in the Mexican War. Grant participated in most of the major Mexican War campaigns and after the War would continue on active duty until 1854. Ten years later, Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant, Commander in Chief of the Union Army, would conceive and orchestrate the Campaign that ended the Civil War. The purpose of this book is to explore Grant's development as a military leader by researching his personal correspondence. His understanding of national strategy and the operational level of war was the focus of this work. In addition, Carl Von Clausewitz's concept of "military genius" was used to analyze Grant's military intellect. The study revealed that he possessed a sharp military intellect based on common sense and that his understanding of national strategy and the operational art is worthy of study by all military professionals.

Ulysses S. Grant: The Architect of Victory in the U.S. Civil War (The American Civil War)

U.S.Army War College

This report is intended to stimulate thinking about the rapid and vast geopolitical changes characterizing the world today and possible global trajectories during the next 15-20 years. As with the NI C's previous Global Trends reports, we do not seek to predict the future-which would be an impossible feat-but instead provide a framework for thinking about possible futures and their implications.

Global Trends 2030: Alternative Worlds: A publication of the National Intelligence Council

National Intelligence Council

Business & Money

As we reflect on World War II, our minds are often drawn to the atrocities of genocide, and graphic depictions of Nazi Concentration camps throughout Europe. Others reflect on the near 30 million deaths, civilian and military, that occurred in the fierce, destructive battles on the Eastern Front. Few reflect on the “largest, longest, and most complex Naval battle in history,” the Battle of the Atlantic. This study analyzed the Battle of the Atlantic from September of 1939 to May of 1945. While studies of the Battle of the Atlantic have traditionally focused on the German submarine offensive, this thesis evaluated the effectiveness of the Italian submarine force as a force multiplier to the German offensive during both coordinated and independent submarine operations (in the Atlantic) from October 1940 to July 1943. This study found that while the Italians provided capable submarines to the German High Command for use in the Atlantic, they were largely ineffective during coordinated operations from October 1940 to May 1941. The research concluded that ineffective coordinated operations resulted from inadequate joint training prior to the conduct of coordinated operations and a failure by the German High Command to treat Italy as a capable ally. Although ineffective during coordinated operations, the Italian submarine force did show improved performance during independent operations from June 1941 to July 1943.

The Italian Submarine Force in the Battle of the Atlantic: Left in the Dark

United States Army Command and General Staff College

Middle East

The Evolution of Field Artillery Organization and Employment (The American Civil War)

This book is a chronological analysis of Longstreet during the thirteen major campaigns in which he participated: First Manassas, Williamsburg, Seven Pines, the Seven Days, Second Manassas, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Suffolk, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, Knoxville, the Wilderness, and Petersburg. The primary book question is: Was Longstreet's leadership during the war satisfactory when analyzed in the context of the nine leadership competencies of FM 22-100? The nine leadership competencies are the result of a 1976 study group consisting of Army leaders ranking from Corporal to General. The nine competencies are: supervision, soldier/team development, technical and tactical proficiency, use of available systems, professional ethics, planning, decision making, teaching and counseling, and communications. After a discussion of each campaign an analysis of Longstreet's leadership is conducted using the leadership competencies as analytical criteria. A leadership profile of Longstreet evolves as he gains experience during the war and is assigned to positions of increased responsibility. The conclusion of this book is that Longstreet's leadership was satisfactory during the war when analyzed in the context of the nine leadership competencies. Over the course of the thirteen campaigns mentioned above, Longstreet's leadership was satisfactory or better in a clear majority of the nine leadership competencies. The purpose of this study is to add to the Longstreet debate in a unique way. Longstreet is analyzed using nine doctrinally accepted leadership competencies to provide a constant measurement tool throughout this book. This should eliminate some of the emotion from the Longstreet debate.

A Leadership Analysis: Lieutenant General James Longstreet During the American Civil War

The preceding observations give an indication of the problems involved in preparing the German field forces for an encounter with an opponent whose pattern of behavior and thinking was so fundamentally different from their own that it was often beyond comprehension. Moreover, the peculiarities of the Russian theater were such that German unit commanders were faced with situations for which there seemed to be no solution. The unorthodox Russian tactics with which the Germans were not familiar were equally disturbing, and Russian deception and trickery caused many German casualties. Several months of acclimatization were often necessary before a unit transferred to Russia was equal to the demands of the new theater. Occasionally a combat efficient unit without previous experience in Russia failed completely or suffered heavy losses in accomplishing a difficult mission that presented no problems to another unit familiar with the Russian theater, even though the latter had been depleted by previous engagements. This fact alone proved how necessary it was to disseminate the lessons learned in Russia, since this was the only method by which inexperienced troops could be spared the reverses and heavy casualties they would otherwise suffer during their commitment against Russian troops. To meet this need for training literature, a series of pamphlets and instructions based on German combat experiences in Russia was issued in 1943-44.

Historical Study: Small Unit Actions During the German Campaign in Russia

Department of the, Army

Military

Recent improvised explosive device (IED) and active shooter incidents reveal that some traditional practices of first responders need to be realigned and enhanced—with an emphasis on early hemorrhage control and a more integrated response by first responders (i.e., emergency medical services [EMS], fire, law enforcement, and rescue personnel)—to improve survivability of victims and the safety of first responders caring for them. At the request of first responders and first receivers (e.g., medical technicians, nurses, and physicians) who have encountered mass casualties from IEDs and/or active shooter incidents, this document was developed to provide guidance on how to better approach these incidents.Responders should also consider the combination of both IEDs and active shooter incidents in an organized, complex attack (such as the Mumbai attacks in 2008) that requires both treatment and extraction of the injured from a still-hostile environment. The conditions during such tactical assaults in a civilian setting speak to the need for first responders and first receivers to adopt evidence-based hemorrhage control, risk evaluation, and casualty management measures in a potentially dangerous environment.As a result of these developments, the Department of Homeland Security, in coordination with the Department of Defense (DoD), Department of Health and Human Services, Department of Justice, Department of Transportation, White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, and the National Security Staff, has developed recommendations for individuals who provide emergent and immediate medical management of casualties resulting from IEDs and/or active shooter incidents. Based on best practices and lessons learned, this document focuses on the medical response to IEDs and/or active shooter incidents with recommendations for hemorrhage control, protective equipment (which includes ballistic vests, helmets, and eyewear), and response and incident management.

First Responder Guide for Improving Survivability in Improvised Explosive Device and/or Active Shooter Incidents

U.S. Department of Homeland Security

Self-Help

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