<p>A final report on the excavation of the Jubilee Line Extension project which revealed evidence for the Holocene environment of the Thames Valley 10,000 years ago. Excavations uncovered a 12 km stretch of sedimentary deposits which contained a number of rich archaeological sites that illustrated the fluctuating nature of the Thames floodplain and river. Particular attention is paid to the Holocene environments of Westminster, Southwark, Rotherhithe and Canning Town.</p>

The Holocene Evolution of the London Thames (MoLA Monograph)

History

Cameron, Nigel

Wilkinson, Keith

Scaife, R. G.

Sidell, Jane

Ancient Civilizations

MOLA (Museum of London Archaeology)

Excavations in 1996 and 1997 at 165 Great Dover Street, Southwark uncovered important new evidence of burials and structures associated with a Roman roadside cemetery to the south-east of the Southwark. The cemetery was most extensive in the early third century, and indicates that construction of high-status mausolea and other burial structures extended about half a kilometre down Watling Street from the boundary of the settlement. The arrangement of the structures and lack of intercutting burials suggest that the cemetery held private plots used by wealthy families for extended periods of time. One of the burials contained the cremated remains of a female, with at least nine pottery tazze, eight pottery lamps with images of Anubis and a gladiator, and an exceptional array of plant remains, many imported from the Mediterranean, including stone pine, white almond and the first occurrence in London of date fruit.

A Romano-British Cemetery on Watling Street: Excavations at 165 Dover Street, Southwark, London

Mackinder, Anthony

Europe

The multi-period site of Benbow House lies next to the Thames, and is a fine example of the multifarious and colourful activities that took place in London over the centuries. The earliest extant evidence of human activity within the excavation area was an attempt at land consolidation in the 12th or 13th century. This was followed by three periods of building from the 13th century onwards. Nine or ten buildings can be dated to the 13th and 14th centuries, and probably included the remains of 'stews' - inns or brothels known from documentary sources. Further buildings were constructed in the 16th and 17th centuries, including a possible animal-baiting arena. The final phase of the excavated evidence included the remains of 18th- and 19th-century brick buildings reflecting the later use of the site as a foundry and metalworks.

Bankside: Excavations at Benbow House, Southwark, London, SE1 (MoLA Monograph)

Blatherwick, Simon

The Knights of St John, or the Knights Hospitaller, were one of the most famous Christian military orders. Their humble origins lay in helping early pilgrims at Jerusalem from the turn of the 12th century, but they developed into a true multi-national organisation with headquarters in almost all European countries. The Priory of England was centred at Clerkenwell, London, where the surviving medieval crypt and Tudor gatehouse are well-known landmarks. Several large-scale excavations by the Museum of London in the 1980s and 90s have been combined with antiquarian surveys in this monograph to produce a remarkable picture of a priory. Founded in 1144, this highly unusual religious house evolved from a round-naved church and associated buildings into one of London's premier palatial residences. Unusually, the priory's buildings were retained after the Dissolution of the Hospitallers in 1540, becoming the residence of nobility and the location, for a while, of the Royal Master of the Revels. There was only ever one headquarters of the Knights Hospitaller in England: this book provides a fascinating blend of the history and archaeology of a unique site.

Excavations at the priory of the Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem, Clerkenwell, London (MoLA Monograph)

Sloane, Barney

Malcolm, Gordon

The north bank of the Thames near Cannon Street Station was occupied by some of London's most prominent buildings in both the Roman and Medieval periods. Substantial stone walls revealed at the site in 1969 were initially interpreted as part of a Roman townhouse attached to the 'Governor's Palace' building complex to the west. In 1994-7 new excavations uncovered a prehistoric marsh, a riverside quay dated to AD 84 and a revetment constructed in c. AD 100-200. Later Roman buildings were recorded on terraces overlooking the Thames. Two of these buildings predated the townhouse, and one of these may have been a goldworker's premises. Important new evidence for the ground plan and use of the later townhouse has revealed that it developed separately from other large Roman buildings to the west. Part of a Tuscan order column recovered from the site suggests that the building had some architectural pretensions and a high status. In the late 4th century the townhouse was demolished and the settlement abandoned. The first evidence of reoccupation at the site took the form of early 11th century pitting succeeded by sunken-floored or cellared buildings. The walls of the 14th century Pountney's Inn, later the Manor of the Rose, were recorded along Suffolk Lane. This volume presents the results of the archaeological work at this important site in a clear chronological narrative supported by many detailed illustrations and specialist reports.

Roman and Medieval Townhouses on the London Waterfront: Excavations at Governor's House, City of London (Molas Monograph, 9)

Woodger, Aidan

Brigham, Trevor

A new analysis and reinterpretation of the fascinating site at Shadwell, located on the north bank of the Thames. Excavations between 1974 and 1976 uncovered extensive archaeological remains, including the base of a masonry structure which was originally interpreted by the excavator as a 3rd-century military signalling tower. Lakin et al argue that early Roman quarrying gave way to a cremation cemetery during the 2nd century. The construction of the 9m square 'tower', dated to the 2nd century or later, is consistent with that of a mausoleum. In the 3rd century the area was divided into plots, first by fences and later by ditches, and a timber building and other structures associated with domestic occupation were established. Animal bone evidence suggests that large-scale butchery took place nearby. In the mid 4th century the field boundaries were infilled and industrial tanks and drains built. A leather bikini was found in one of the timber-lined tanks. Demolition of the masonry structure, deposition of rubble, and the subsequent accumulation of an agricultural soil marked the abandonment of the area in the second half of the 4th century. Two inhumation burials may also date to this period. The finds assemblages from Shadwell are large for a non-urban site, but there were relatively few military finds. It is possible that a large farm or hinterland settlement lay nearby.

The Roman Tower at Shadwell: A Reappraisal (MoLA Archaeology Studies Series)

Bird, Joanna

Lakin, David

Seeley, Fiona

Rielly, Kevin

The future of London archaeology is the focus of this volume, which follows on from The Archaeology of Greater London (MoLAS 2000). It sets out aims for improving and facilitating research and managing the archaeological resource more effectively. What will be useful for non-specialists are the summaries and reviews of the evidence for the main chronological periods; Prehistory, Roman, Saxon, Medieval and post 1500. A final chapter considers how a research strategy for London can be developed.

A Research Framework for London Archaeology 2002

Nixon, Taryn

This volume is the second of several volumes presenting previously unpublished findings relating to Roman Southwark. This looks at an extensive sequence of Roman metalworking workshops and hearths, from the late 1st-late 4th centuries AD. The book is split into discussions of the metalworking industry, the period covered, and an analysis of the finds and is extensively illustrated throughout.

Industry in North-west Roman Southwark (MoLA Monograph)

Politics & Social Sciences

Hammer, Friederike

Archaeology

This richly illustrated volume presents important new evidence for early modern industry and settlement at two sites in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. Taken together, the Richmond and Mortlake sites provide valuable evidence of the great increase in development occurring in small towns on the outskirts of London from the mid 17th century. Excavation at 29-34 George St, Richmond also drew on a historical study of documentary evidence, showing the town's development from the 15th century onwards. Looking at several sites in Mortlake uncovered significant evidence pertaining to the post-medieval industry that arose here, and even included excavation of a First World War shell-filling factory.

Early Modern Industry and Settlement: Excavations at George Street, Richmond, and High Street, Mortlake (MoLA Archaeology Studies Series)

Hoad, Stewart

The Cistercian monastery of St Mary Stratford Langthorne once stood on land south of the new Jubilee Line station at Stratford. Excavations 1973-94 recorded large parts of the monastic church, cemetery and related buildings. Topics include the precinct arrangement, architecture and decoration, and the way of life of the inhabitants. The expansion of the monastic church from a simple cruciform building in the mid 12th century into an aisled presbytery with ambulatory and eastern chapel in the 13th century is notable. The excavated burials (647) are the largest sample from a Cistercian site in Europe and provide evidence for burial customs, patterns of cemetery use and the physical characteristics of the population, including medical care.

Cistercian abbey of St Mary Stratford Langthorne, Essex: Archaeological Excavations for the London Underground Limited Jubilee Line Extension Project (MoLA Monograph)

White, Bill

Barber, Bruno

Dyson, T.

Chew, Steve

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