Excavations in 1996 and 1997 at 165 Great Dover Street, Southwark uncovered important new evidence of burials and structures associated with a Roman roadside cemetery to the south-east of the Southwark. The cemetery was most extensive in the early third century, and indicates that construction of high-status mausolea and other burial structures extended about half a kilometre down Watling Street from the boundary of the settlement. The arrangement of the structures and lack of intercutting burials suggest that the cemetery held private plots used by wealthy families for extended periods of time. One of the burials contained the cremated remains of a female, with at least nine pottery tazze, eight pottery lamps with images of Anubis and a gladiator, and an exceptional array of plant remains, many imported from the Mediterranean, including stone pine, white almond and the first occurrence in London of date fruit.

A Romano-British Cemetery on Watling Street: Excavations at 165 Dover Street, Southwark, London

History

Mackinder, Anthony

Europe

MOLA (Museum of London Archaeology)

The multi-period site of Benbow House lies next to the Thames, and is a fine example of the multifarious and colourful activities that took place in London over the centuries. The earliest extant evidence of human activity within the excavation area was an attempt at land consolidation in the 12th or 13th century. This was followed by three periods of building from the 13th century onwards. Nine or ten buildings can be dated to the 13th and 14th centuries, and probably included the remains of 'stews' - inns or brothels known from documentary sources. Further buildings were constructed in the 16th and 17th centuries, including a possible animal-baiting arena. The final phase of the excavated evidence included the remains of 18th- and 19th-century brick buildings reflecting the later use of the site as a foundry and metalworks.

Bankside: Excavations at Benbow House, Southwark, London, SE1 (MoLA Monograph)

Blatherwick, Simon

<p>Archaeological investigations were carried out in 2006–9 on the north bank of the River Thames at Riverbank House, City of London, just upstream of the modern London Bridge and its medieval predecessor, in the heart of the medieval port. An extensive watching brief had taken place on the site in the early 1980s (the Swan Lane car park), but these new excavations were in undisturbed areas around the perimeter. A 2nd-century AD revetment and part of the late Roman riverside wall were recorded, while a sequence of timber revetments, some dated by dendrochronology, witness the growth of the medieval port from the 12th to the 15th centuries. Fragmentary building remains relate to medieval and post-medieval tenements, and pipes from a 16th- or 17th-century ship’s pump were found reused as a drain.<br>Characteristically, foreshore deposits and reclamation dumps infilling the medieval waterfronts produced many well-preserved finds, particularly leather and metal objects. The latter include tools, domestic items, cloth seals and a number of religious and secular badges. A rare and unusual find was a devotional openwork panel relating to the life and death of Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, who was executed on 23 March 1322 by Edward II. Remains of plants used in dyeing support the documented importance of the local cloth-finishing industry.</p>

Roman and medieval revetments on the Thames waterfront: Excavations at Riverbank House, City of London, 2006–9

Ancient Civilizations

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Books by Mackinder, Anthony

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A Romano-British Cemetery on Watling Street: Excavations at 165 Dover Street, Southwark, London

Bankside: Excavations at Benbow House, Southwark, London, SE1 (MoLA Monograph)

Roman and medieval revetments on the Thames waterfront: Excavations at Riverbank House, City of London, 2006–9