Hepialidae (ghost moths or swifts) are, in terms of diversity and distribution, the most successful group of homoneurous primitive moths. The morphology of Fraus is described in some detail with emphasis on the adult moth, and a new interpretation of hepialid male genitalia is presented. Beyond describing and illustrating a primitive hepialid, these observations are intended to serve as reference for the study of the classification of Hepialoidea and lower Lepidoptera. In the taxonomic revision, based on more than 3000 specimens, the 25 Fraus species are described and diagnosed. The adult moths, as well as male and female genitalia, are richly illustrated, and distribution maps and flight period diagrams are provided for all species. The biology, behaviour, distribution and phylogeny are summarised and discussed.

Primitive Ghost Moths: Morphology and taxonomy of the Australian genus Fraus Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae s. lat.)

Science & Math

Nielsen, E.S.

Kristensen, N.P.

Biological Sciences

CSIRO Publishing

The introductory chapters of this book give a detailed review of the phylogeny, morphology, classification and biology of Tineidae on a worldwide scale. Detailed morphological treatment of each genus is complemented by illustrations of wing patterns, head structure and head vestiture, venation, and male and female genitalia of representative species.

Tineid Genera of Australia (Lepidoptera) [OP] (Animal & Veterinary Science)

Robinson, G.S.

Nepticulidae and Opostegidae Lepidoptera of North West Europe (Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica Vol 23 Pts 1&2)

Johansson, R.

Nieukerken, E. J. Van

Gustafsson, B.

Brill Academic Pub

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