Modern societies require energy systems to provide energy for cooking, heating, transport, and materials processing, as well as for electricity generation. Energy systems include the primary fuel, its conversion, and transport to the point of use. In many cases this primary fuel is still afossil fuel, a one-use resource derived from a finite supply within our planet, causing considerable damage to the environment. After 300 years of increasing reliance on fossil fuels, particularly coal, it is becoming ever clearer that the present energy systems need to change.In this Very Short Introduction Nick Jenkins explores our historic investment in the exploitation of fossil energy resources and their current importance, and discusses the implications of our increasing rate of energy use. He considers the widespread acceptance by scientists and policy makers thatour energy systems must reduce emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases, and looks forward to the radical changes in fuel technology that will be necessary to continue to provide energy supplies in a sustainable manner, and extend access across the developing world. Considering the impact ofchanging to an environmentally benign and low-carbon energy system, Jenkins also looks at future low-carbon energy systems which would use electricity from a variety of renewable energy sources, as well as the role of nuclear power in our energy use.ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, andenthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

Energy Systems: A Very Short Introduction (Very Short Introductions)

Science & Math

Jenkins, Nick

Earth Sciences

Oxford University Press

Smart Electricity Distribution Networks

Smart distribution networks are one of the key research topics of countries looking to modernise electric power networks. Smart Electricity Distributions Networks aims to provide a basic discussion of the smart distribution concept and new technologies related to it, including distributed energy resources (DERs), demand side integration, microgrids, CELL and virtual power plants.\nWith writing from leading contributors in the field of smart distribution networks, this volume discusses different concepts within the field as well as the best methods to analyse smart distribution systems to provide a cohesive overview of issues relating to Smart Grid and related technologies.\nThis book will be valuable to those with an interest in understanding the technologies and performance of smart distribution networks as well as engaging with the wider debate over the future Smart Grid.

Ekanayake, Janaka

Wu, Jianzhong

Wang, Chengshan

Technology

CRC-Press

Named as one of Choice's Outstanding Academic Titles of 2012 Every year, Choice subject editors recognise the most significant print and electronic works reviewed in Choice during the previous calendar year. Appearing annually in Choice's January issue, this prestigious list of publications reflects the best in scholarly titles and attracts extraordinary attention from the academic library community. The authoritative reference on wind energy, now fully revised and updated to include offshore wind power A decade on from its first release, the Wind Energy Handbook, Second Edition, reflects the advances in technology underpinning the continued expansion of the global wind power sector. Harnessing their collective industrial and academic expertise, the authors provide a comprehensive introduction to wind turbine design and wind farm planning for onshore and offshore wind-powered electricity generation. The major change since the first edition is the addition of a new chapter on offshore wind turbines and offshore wind farm development. Opening with a survey of the present state of offshore wind farm development, the chapter goes on to consider resource assessment and array losses. Then wave loading on support structures is examined in depth, including wind and wave load combinations and descriptions of applicable wave theories. After sections covering optimum machine size and offshore turbine reliability, the different types of support structure deployed to date are described in turn, with emphasis on monopiles, including fatigue analysis in the frequency domain. Final sections examine the assessment of environmental impacts and the design of the power collection and transmission cable network. New coverage features: <ul>
<li>turbulence models updated to reflect the latest design standards, including an introduction to the Mann turbulence model</li> <li>extended treatment of horizontal axis wind turbines aerodynamics, now including a survey of wind turbine aerofoils, dynamic stall and computational fluid dynamics</li> <li>developments in turbine design codes</li> <li>techniques for extrapolating extreme loads from simulation results</li> <li>an introduction to the NREL cost model</li> <li>comparison of options for variable speed operation</li> <li>in-depth treatment of individual blade pitch control</li> <li>grid code requirements and the principles governing the connection of large wind farms to transmission networks</li> <li>four pages of full-colour pictures that illustrate blade manufacture, turbine construction and offshore support structure installation</li> </ul>
Firmly established as an essential reference, Wind Energy Handbook, Second Edition will prove a real asset to engineers, turbine designers and wind energy consultants both in industry and research. Advanced engineering students and new entrants to the wind energy sector will also find it an invaluable resource.

Wind Energy Handbook

Burton, Tony

Sharpe, David

Bossanyi, Ervin

wiley

With increasing concern over climate change and the security of energy supplies, wind power is emerging as an important source of electrical energy throughout the world. 
Modern wind turbines use advanced power electronics to provide efficient generator control and to ensure compatible operation with the power system. Wind Energy Generation describes the fundamental principles and modelling of the electrical generator and power electronic systems used in large wind turbines. It also discusses how they interact with the power system and the influence of wind turbines on power system operation and stability. Key features: <ul>
<li>Includes a comprehensive account of power electronic equipment used in wind turbines and for their grid connection.</li> <li>Describes enabling technologies which facilitate the connection of large-scale onshore and offshore wind farms.</li> <li>Provides detailed modelling and control of wind turbine systems.</li> <li>Shows a number of simulations and case studies which explain the dynamic interaction between wind power and conventional generation.</li> </ul>

Wind Energy Generation: Modelling and Control

Hughes,Michael

Ekanayake, Janaka B.

Anaya-Lara, Olimpo

Cartwright, Phill

Electric power systems worldwide face radical transformation with the need to decarbonise electricity supply, replace ageing assets and harness new information and communication technologies (ICT). The Smart Grid uses advanced ICT to control next generation power systems reliably and efficiently. This authoritative guide demonstrates the importance of the Smart Grid and shows how ICT will extend beyond transmission voltages to distribution networks and customer-level operation through Smart Meters and Smart Homes. Smart Grid Technology and Applications: <ul>
<li>Clearly unravels the evolving Smart Grid concept with extensive illustrations and practical examples.</li> <li>Describes the spectrum of key enabling technologies required for the realisation of the Smart Grid with worked examples to illustrate the applications.</li> <li>Enables readers to engage with the immediate development of the power system and take part in the debate over the future Smart Grid.</li> <li>Introduces the constituent topics from first principles, assuming only a basic knowledge of mathematics, circuits and power systems.</li> <li>Brings together the expertise of a highly experienced and international author team from the UK, Sri Lanka, China and Japan.</li> </ul>
Electrical, electronics and computer engineering researchers, practitioners and consultants working in inter-disciplinary Smart Grid RD&amp;D will significantly enhance their knowledge through this reference. The tutorial style will greatly benefit final year undergraduate and master’s students as the curriculum increasing focuses on the breadth of technologies that contribute to Smart Grid realisation.

Smart Grid: Technology and Applications

Yokoyama, Akihiko

Liyanage, Kithsiri M.

As environmental concerns have focused attention on the generation of electricity from clean and renewable sources wind energy has become the world's fastest growing energy source. The Wind Energy Handbook draws on the authors' collective industrial and academic experience to highlight the interdisciplinary nature of wind energy research and provide a comprehensive treatment of wind energy for electricity generation. 
Features include: <ul>
<li>An authoritative overview of wind turbine technology and wind farm design and development</li> <li>In-depth examination of the aerodynamics and performance of land-based horizontal axis wind turbines</li> <li>A survey of alternative machine architectures and an introduction to the design of the key components</li> <li>Description of the wind resource in terms of wind speed frequency distribution and the structure of turbulence</li> <li>Coverage of site wind speed prediction techniques</li> <li>Discussions of wind farm siting constraints and the assessment of environmental impact</li> <li>The integration of wind farms into the electrical power system, including power quality and system stability</li> <li>Functions of wind turbine controllers and design and analysis techniques</li> </ul>
With coverage ranging from practical concerns about component design to the economic importance of sustainable power sources, the Wind Energy Handbook will be an asset to engineers, turbine designers, wind energy consultants and graduate engineering students.

Wind Energy Technology is a detailed study of our understanding of the wind and its conversion into useful energy. The book goes beyond this to examine the planning of an entire wind project. In keeping with the aims of the series, it considers economic and environmental issues and how a wind farm connects into the electricity network. It covers mainly horizontal-axis machines, although brief reference is made to vertical-axis machines. The book is divided into two parts. Part A deals with wind turbine theory and its application; Part B is concerned with project assessment and engineering.

Wind Energy Technology

Engineering & Transportation

Walker, John F.

Engineering

The use of combined heat and power (CHP) plants and renewable energy sources reduces the amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere and helps to alleviate the consequent climate change. The policies of many governments suggest that the proportion of electrical energy produced by these sources will increase dramatically over the next two decades. Unlike traditional generating units, these new types of power plant are usually 'embedded' in the distribution system or 'dispersed' around the network. As a result, conventional design and operating practices are no longer applicable; for example, power protection principles have to be revised and complex economic questions need to be resolved. This book, intended for both students and practising engineers, addresses all the issues pertinent to the implementation of embedded generation. Much of the material was originally developed for the UMIST MSc/CPD course in Electrical Power Engineering so there is a strong tutorial element. However, since this subject is evolving very rapidly, the authors also discuss the technical and commercial consequences of the very high penetration of embedded generation that are to be expected in the years ahead.

Embedded Generation (Energy Engineering)

Strbac, Goran

Allan, Ron

Crossley, Peter

Kirschen, Daniel

The Institution of Engineering and Technology

The rapid growth of wind generation has many implications for power system planning, operation and control. This would have been a considerable challenge for the old nationalised power companies; it has become an even greater challenge in today's liberalised electricity markets. Network development, voltage rise, protection, monitoring and control are connection problems common to all wind power generation. These issues are addressed through an understanding of the basic electrical engineering concepts and wind power technology. When wind power approaches 10 percent of all generation, it impinges on system operation. The underlying principles of system balancing are presented, before considering the impact of many variable generation sources whose outputs are difficult to predict. Wind power forecasting is crucial to successful wind power integration, and basic theory and current practice are considered. Storage can also help but it needs to be low cost and, ideally, based on intelligent use of existing load. Finally, electricity markets are explained and the commercial challenges facing wind power are assessed. The book provides a wide-ranging discussion on all major aspects of wind power integration into electricity supply systems. It requires no specialist knowledge and will appeal to engineers from various disciplines looking for an overview of a technology that is providing a major impetus for sustainable electricity supply in the twenty-first century.

Wind Power Integration: Connection and system operational aspects (Energy Engineering)

WATSON, Richard

Flynn, Damian

Fox, Brendan

Bryans, Leslie

Milborrow, David

O'Malley, Mark

Throughout the world there is concern over the impact of energy use on the environment (particularly CO2 emissions) and also over the security of fossil fuel supplies. Consequently, governments and energy planners are actively encouraging alternative and cleaner forms of energy production such as renewables (e.g. wind, solar, biomass) and combined heat and power (CHP). The economics and locations of sustainable energy sources have meant that many of these new generators are connected into distribution networks. It is recognized that the information flow and control of distribution networks is inadequate for these future low-carbon electricity supply systems. The future distribution network will change its operation from passive to active, and the distributed generators will be controlled to support the operation of the power system. In many countries this transformation of electricity supply is managed through energy markets and privately owned, regulated transmission and distribution systems. This book discusses the connection of generation to distribution networks and then moves on to consider how sustainable generation can be fully integrated into the operation of the power system. Both technical and economic aspects are addressed. It is written for later-year undergraduate and postgraduate students studying courses on energy. The book has four tutorial chapters (with examples and questions) to provide fundamental material for those without a strong electrical engineering background.

Distributed Generation (Energy Engineering)

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