This book examines the phenomenon of the high inflation processes of the 1970s and 1980s as exemplified by Argentina, Brazil, and Israel. It explores the common characteristics of such processes and their possible cures--with some emphasis on the lessons of the Israeli experience in respect of the role of incomes policy and the political economy of stabilization. The discussion of the theoretical underpinnings of "shock" treatments provides a good example for the blending of a number of disciplines: lessons of economic history, open economy monetary and macro theory, game-theory applications to economic policy design (concepts such as dynamic inconsistency, government reputation, and credibility) and the rationalization of incomes policy.

Crisis, Stabilization, and Economic Reform: Therapy by Consensus (Clarendon Lectures in Economics)

Business & Money

Bruno, Michael

Economics

Clarendon Press

Rampant inflation is a major economic problem in many of the less developed countries; two out of three attempts to stabilize these economies fail. Inflation Stabilization provides a valuable description and a critical analysis of the disinflation programs introduced in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Israel in 1985-86, and discusses the possibility of such a program in Mexico. It documents the initial steps in stabilization as well as the reasons for failure.As architects of the programs, several of the authors are in key positions to assess which aspects were critical in getting the programs accepted and where to look for difficulties and failures.In Israel, inflation was halted without recession. The challenge to policy makers today is in shifting from stabilization to the revival of sustained growth. This experience is described fully by Michael Bruno and Sylvia Piterman, who examine the critical issue of exchange rates, and by Alex Cukierman, who uses modeling to analyze the interaction of money, wages, prices, and activity under rational expectations that take the government's policy objectives into account.Endemic inflation and a sudden increase in external debt burden Argentina's economy, raising the wider issues of high inflation economies and stabilization that are discussed in the chapter by José Luis Machinea and that by Guido Di Tella and Alfredo Canavese.Eduardo Modiano and Mario Simonsen take up issues of wages in Brazil, particularly the problem of finding an equitable way to deal with a wage freeze; Simonsen develops an ambitious game theoretic rationalization of incomes policy as a coordinating device for imperfectly competitive economies.Bolivia did reach hyperinflation (price increases of more than 50 percent each month) before stabilizing. Juan Antonio Morales shows how stabilizing the exchange rate, in an economy where all pricing was already geared to the dollar, achieved stabilization without a wage or price freeze. And Francisco Gil Diaz asks whether an incomes-policy based program could work to control ever increasing inflation in Mexico.

Inflation Stabilization: The Experience of Israel, Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, and Mexico

Mit Pr

As the former Eastern Bloc countries and the developing nations endeavor to modernize their economies, much macroeconomic research in the next decade will involve stabilization and reconstruction. These informative, fact-filled studies describe how measures to control inflation have been implemented in Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, Brazil, Israel, Mexico, Turkey, and Yugoslavia.In discussing which of these measures have succeeded and which ones have failed, the authors go beyond the normative approach taken in most studies of stabilization to focus on political incentives and constraints on actual policymaking. The up-to-date data they provide make this a valuable collective exploration of contemporary efforts at stabilization and structural adjustment.In the 1980s each of the countries considered suffered from crippling inflation brought on by externally generated economic shocks and by mounting debt. Various strategies to control inflation and to achieve economic stabilization have met with different levels of success. The strategies tried in Brazil and Argentina worked only temporarily; the current policies of Israel, Mexico, and Bolivia have succeeded, although these countries' transitions to sustainable growth are not yet certain.Michael Bruno is Governor of the Bank of Israel. He and Nissan Liviatan are Professors of Economics at Hebrew University in Jerusalem. Stanley Fischer is Professor of Economics at MIT. Elhanan Helpman is Professor of Economics at Tel Aviv University. Leora Meridor is Deputy Director of the Bank of Israel's Research Department.

Lessons of Economic Stabilization and Its Aftermath

Economics of Worldwide Stagflation

Sachs, Jeffrey D.

Harvard University Press

This book sets forth both a theory and a comparative empirical analysis of stagflation, that peculiar combination of high unemployment, slow growth, and spurts of high inflation bedeviling the advanced industrial nations during the past fifteen years. 
 The authors first construct a small macroeconomic model that takes full account of aggregate demand and supply forces in the determination of output, employment, and the price level, in both a single-economy and a multi-economy setting. They then apply the model to provide an understanding of comparative performance of industrial countries in the areas of unemployment, inflation, productivity, and investment growth. They argue convincingly that the decay of the major economies during this period resulted from the supply shocks of the 1970s, such as the two major OPEC oil-price increases, and from the consequent policy-induced decrease in demand in response to inflationary pressures. Their analysis differs markedly from similar studies in that it takes specific account of institutional differences in the labor markets of the various economies. This helps to explain in particular the divergent adjustment profiles of the United States and Europe. 
 Bruno and Sachs make several key recommendations for the mix of demand management and incomes policies necessary to combat stagflation in individual countries as well as for the coordination of macroeconomic policies among the major industrial nations.

The Insiders' Guide to Williamsburg, Jamestown-Yorktown

Travel

Bruno, Susan

McPeter, Annette

United States

Richmond Times-Dispatch

Insiders' Guide to Williamsburg, Jamestown, and Yorktown

Insiders' Publishing

guide to feeding your dog what he/she has evolved to actually eat without having to go on a hunting expedition!Dear modern dog owner!Your dog enjoys meat, the kibble and other sweet store bought treats but that's not all he/she can eat! And if you've noticed your dog looking at you with a 'please share' look while you are having a salad, pizza and any other food, you don't need to be told that dogs want and need much more than meat and kibble that come with all manner of fancy marketing labels like enriched, fortified etc. These foods are good in their own way but they are not enough. In fact, the reason your canine friend doesn't have as nice of a coat and skin may be all tied to the fact that he/she is not getting enough nutrients from the foods you've been giving him/her!This book wants to educate you so that you feed your dog right from a point of knowledge; not just from a point of being instructed what to do. It will cover what to do and explain why you should do it so that you can use that knowledge to expand your dog nutrition to suit your specific situation, environment and circumstance. More precisely, you will learn:?	Why your dog needs more than just meat in his/her diet?	What your dog actually needs in his/her diet to be considered to be having a balanced canine diet?	What influences the unique nutrition requirements for your dog and how to use that information for your own dog breed, situation and circumstance?	How to determine optimal macronutrient ratios for your dog and use that information appropriately?	Feeding routines you can adopt for best results?	Age-specific nutrition requirements that you should embrace throughout the life of your dog?	And much more!

Dog Nutrition: Complete Guide On How To Feed Your Dog Age Appropriate Food For Optimal Health

Cookbooks, Food & Wine

Cooking Methods

Antony Mwau

Dog Separation Anxiety: How To Treat And Prevent Separation Anxiety In Dogs

Health, Fitness & Dieting

Diets & Weight Loss

Bring back sanity and peace in your relationship with your dog by taming his/her excessive barking!Has your dog's barking getting into your nerves? Does he/she bark to the extent that the barking is becoming a bother to you, your family and your neighbors?Here is one thing you should know; every dog owner has, at some point, had to deal with something that his/her dog struggled with. Yours is barking. It is embarrassing, annoying and can get into anyone's nerves especially when trying to get some sleep, relax or when having a meeting with important people.It is okay that while you love your furry friend, you hate his/her barking habit. What can you do about it if your patience for keeping the dog with its bad barking habits has run out?You have either of 2 options; take the dog to a shelter or train him/her to stop barking unnecessarily!By the virtue that you haven't taken the dog to a shelter or done worse stuff, it means you still enjoy your furry friend's company and would want to keep him/her. I know you want the 2nd option so keep reading, as this book is specially written for a dog owner in your situation.

Dog Barking Excessively?: How to Get Your Dog to Stop Barking Excessively

Crafts, Hobbies & Home

Pets & Animal Care

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