Contributions to Operations Research and Economics: The Twentieth Anniversary of Core

Business & Money

Cornet, Bernard

Economics

Mit Pr

The technique of plastic design has many advantages over the traditional elastic design technique. The methodology was developed in large part by M. R. Horne and his co-workers, and first came into wide-spread practical application in Britain. With the publication of this book, American designers and engineers will be given easy access to the latest developments in the theory and practice of plastic design.  The advantages of this technique for simple beam systems and single-story buildings are considerable: plastic design represents a more rational approach and the analysis can be accomplished quickly and directly, and it facilitates economies in the use of materials. Moreover, the methods can be readily extended to buildings that are several stories (four or five) high.  The first chapter reviews the fundamental methods of plastic analysis. Following chapters take up such topics as plastic moment distribution, modifying factors in plastic bending, frame stability and deflections (including the destabilizing effects of column axial loads on frames), the rigid-plastic behavior of a frame, and the elastic-plastic behavior of frames. A final chapter explains various practical considerations, such as joint design and the stiffening effects of cladding. All the chapters are linked so that the flow of the presentation is even throughout.  The book considers whole structures as well as the behavior of various elements. Numerous worked examples are presented, some of which are taken from actual designs.  M. R. Horne is Beyer Professor of Civil Engineering at the University of Manchester and author of Plastic Theory of Structures. L. J. Morris is a senior lecturer on the Manchester civil engineering faculty. The book is the second in the MIT Press Series in Structural Mechanics, edited by H. Max Irvine.

Plastic design of low-rise frames ([Constrado monographs])

Horne, M.R.

Merchant, W.

Innovation is rapidly becoming democratized. Users, aided by improvements in computer and communications technology, increasingly can develop their own new products and services. These innovating users—both individuals and firms—often freely share their innovations with others, creating user-innovation communities and a rich intellectual commons. In Democratizing Innovation, Eric von Hippel looks closely at this emerging system of user-centered innovation. He explains why and when users find it profitable to develop new products and services for themselves, and why it often pays users to reveal their innovations freely for the use of all. The trend toward democratized innovation can be seen in software and information products—most notably in the free and open-source software movement—but also in physical products. Von Hippel's many examples of user innovation in action range from surgical equipment to surfboards to software security features. He shows that product and service development is concentrated among "lead users," who are ahead on marketplace trends and whose innovations are often commercially attractive. Von Hippel argues that manufacturers should redesign their innovation processes and that they should systematically seek out innovations developed by users. He points to businesses—the custom semiconductor industry is one example—that have learned to assist user-innovators by providing them with toolkits for developing new products. User innovation has a positive impact on social welfare, and von Hippel proposes that government policies, including R&amp;D subsidies and tax credits, should be realigned to eliminate biases against it. The goal of a democratized user-centered innovation system, says von Hippel, is well worth striving for. An electronic version of this book is available under a Creative Commons license.

Democratizing Innovation

Eric Von Hippel

Business Development & Entrepreneurship

An Index Of Nomograms

Self-Help

Adams, Douglas P.

A case study that explains the present location pattern of the synthetic-fiber industry, forecasts the regional distribution of future growth in terms of employment and capital investment, and evaluates the advantages of Puerto Rico as a site for fiber production.

Location of the Synthetic Fiber Industry

Airov, Joseph

Proceedings of an international conference on the atomic mechanisms of fracture. Papers on cleavage, ductile, fatigue, and high-temperature mechanisms of fracture for metals, ceramics, and polymers, with a chapter on future research needs.

Fracture

Humor & Entertainment

Television

A compact view of band theory and an original treatment of transport theory in covalent semiconductors, developed from the lectures Dr. Aigrain gave as visiting Webster Professor of Electrical Engineering at MIT.

Electronic Processes in Solids (Technology Press Research Monographs)

Engineering & Transportation

Aigrain, Pierre R.

Coelho, Roland J.

Ascarelli, Gianni

Engineering

A set of related papers dealing with the meaning of causality in simulataneous dynamic equation systems. Investigation of the systems which only approximately satisfy the conditions enabling the definition of causality, leads to a set of limiting theorems concerning the dynamic behavior of such systems over time, and estimation procedures for the parameters of such systems. Implications of these theorems for some well-known propositions in economics and other social sciences are considered.

Essays on the Structure of Social Science Models

Simon, Herbert A.

Ando, Albert

Fisher, Frank M.

International

The author's first monograph on turbulent jets, in 1936, dealt solely with a free submerged jet. Since that time, the theory of the turbulent jet has been developed in many published works both in the USSR and abroad: it has been enriched with a large amount of experimental material and has been applied in many new fields of engineering. In the last 10 years very substantial progress has been made, and it has now become possible to go beyond the free submerged jet and to solve the problem of a jet in a stream of fluid, to take into account the interaction between the jet and solid walls, to ascertain the relationship between the contour of the jet and the ratio of its density to the density of the surrounding medium, and to establish the characteristic features of a supersonic jet.This monograph contains the results of further research by the author and his colleagues, as well as a critical reappraisal of the more important theoretical and experimental data published by other investigators. The first section deals with the theory of a turbulent jet of incompressible fluid. It gives a systematic analysis of numerous experimental data on velocity profiles, temperature, and the impurity concentration, as well as the outlines of the turbulent mixing lone. The second section sets forth the theory of turbulent gas jets, including strongly preheated and supersonic jets. The theory of free turbulence in a gas, suitable in principle for any degree of compressibility, is revised, and the equations are derived for motion and heat exchange in the boundary layer of a jet at very high temperature. The third section solves several problems of the spreading of jets in finite and semifinite space, and the fourth section describes various applications of the theory of jets, many of which are reported for the first time or have been significantly revised.

The Theory of Turbulent Jets

Industrialization and population explosion are contributing to an urban revolution in the developing countries of the world. Static social and economic conditions, frozen for hundreds of years, are rapidly being overturned. This book makes an important contribution to our understanding of various national programs and the efforts of international agencies directed toward achieving land reform and adequate housing. This is the first book on the subject. Charles Abrams, drawing heavily on his rich store of intimate practical experience, dramatically describes housing situations in Ghana, Turkey, Pakistan, the Philippines, Nigeria, Japan, Singapore, India, Puerto Rico, Venezuela, Jamaica, Ireland, Barbados, and Bolivia. His expert knowledge of the legal and financial aspects of land and housing problems is tempered by common sense observation of technical and social aspects, enriched by imaginative human concern, and made effective by a high degree of political realism. Man's Struggle for Shelter will benefit a wide audience of readers. The urban and regional planner, the housing official, the land economist, and government policy planners, both here and abroad, will find this book extremely important.

Man's Struggle for Shelter in an Urbanizing World

Arts & Photography

Abrams, Charles

Architecture

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