Contributions to Operations Research and Economics: The Twentieth Anniversary of Core

Business & Money

Cornet, Bernard

Economics

Mit Pr

The Theory of Neutron Slowing Down in Nuclear Reactors

Ferziger, Joel H.

Zweifel, P. F.

The technique of plastic design has many advantages over the traditional elastic design technique. The methodology was developed in large part by M. R. Horne and his co-workers, and first came into wide-spread practical application in Britain. With the publication of this book, American designers and engineers will be given easy access to the latest developments in the theory and practice of plastic design.  The advantages of this technique for simple beam systems and single-story buildings are considerable: plastic design represents a more rational approach and the analysis can be accomplished quickly and directly, and it facilitates economies in the use of materials. Moreover, the methods can be readily extended to buildings that are several stories (four or five) high.  The first chapter reviews the fundamental methods of plastic analysis. Following chapters take up such topics as plastic moment distribution, modifying factors in plastic bending, frame stability and deflections (including the destabilizing effects of column axial loads on frames), the rigid-plastic behavior of a frame, and the elastic-plastic behavior of frames. A final chapter explains various practical considerations, such as joint design and the stiffening effects of cladding. All the chapters are linked so that the flow of the presentation is even throughout.  The book considers whole structures as well as the behavior of various elements. Numerous worked examples are presented, some of which are taken from actual designs.  M. R. Horne is Beyer Professor of Civil Engineering at the University of Manchester and author of Plastic Theory of Structures. L. J. Morris is a senior lecturer on the Manchester civil engineering faculty. The book is the second in the MIT Press Series in Structural Mechanics, edited by H. Max Irvine.

Plastic design of low-rise frames ([Constrado monographs])

Horne, M.R.

Merchant, W.

Innovation is rapidly becoming democratized. Users, aided by improvements in computer and communications technology, increasingly can develop their own new products and services. These innovating users—both individuals and firms—often freely share their innovations with others, creating user-innovation communities and a rich intellectual commons. In Democratizing Innovation, Eric von Hippel looks closely at this emerging system of user-centered innovation. He explains why and when users find it profitable to develop new products and services for themselves, and why it often pays users to reveal their innovations freely for the use of all. The trend toward democratized innovation can be seen in software and information products—most notably in the free and open-source software movement—but also in physical products. Von Hippel's many examples of user innovation in action range from surgical equipment to surfboards to software security features. He shows that product and service development is concentrated among "lead users," who are ahead on marketplace trends and whose innovations are often commercially attractive. Von Hippel argues that manufacturers should redesign their innovation processes and that they should systematically seek out innovations developed by users. He points to businesses—the custom semiconductor industry is one example—that have learned to assist user-innovators by providing them with toolkits for developing new products. User innovation has a positive impact on social welfare, and von Hippel proposes that government policies, including R&amp;D subsidies and tax credits, should be realigned to eliminate biases against it. The goal of a democratized user-centered innovation system, says von Hippel, is well worth striving for. An electronic version of this book is available under a Creative Commons license.

Democratizing Innovation

Eric Von Hippel

Business Development & Entrepreneurship

Proceedings of an international conference on the atomic mechanisms of fracture. Papers on cleavage, ductile, fatigue, and high-temperature mechanisms of fracture for metals, ceramics, and polymers, with a chapter on future research needs.

Fracture

Humor & Entertainment

Television

A compact view of band theory and an original treatment of transport theory in covalent semiconductors, developed from the lectures Dr. Aigrain gave as visiting Webster Professor of Electrical Engineering at MIT.

Electronic Processes in Solids (Technology Press Research Monographs)

Engineering & Transportation

Aigrain, Pierre R.

Coelho, Roland J.

Ascarelli, Gianni

Engineering

A set of related papers dealing with the meaning of causality in simulataneous dynamic equation systems. Investigation of the systems which only approximately satisfy the conditions enabling the definition of causality, leads to a set of limiting theorems concerning the dynamic behavior of such systems over time, and estimation procedures for the parameters of such systems. Implications of these theorems for some well-known propositions in economics and other social sciences are considered.

Essays on the Structure of Social Science Models

Simon, Herbert A.

Ando, Albert

Fisher, Frank M.

International

The Federal Bulldozer

Arts & Photography

Anderson, Martin

Architecture

The View From the Road

Lynch, Kevin

Appleyard, Donald

Myer, John R.

This book presents a comprehensive behavioral theory of market interactions and proposes an approach to policy management based on the use of microanalytic computer simulation. The author describes how simulation-based computer systems can provide realistic artificial environments in which managers evaluate historical strategies and examine the implications of proposed future marketing programs under various assumed competitive conditions. Management use of microanalytic simulations to assess the appropriateness of alternative solutions for a wide range of consumer and industrial marketing problems is also discussed.  While other books have presented simulations of limited aspects of the marketing environment, Computer Simulation of Competitive Market Response presents complete models of consumer, distributor, retailer, and salesman behavior. Validated representations of key action and response processes including purchase decisions, response to media and word-of-mouth communication, brand image formation, and trade acceptance of new products are described. While adopting a managerial perspective, the author develops an interdisciplinary approach to problem formulation, synthetic and analytic procedures, and hypotheses regarding human behavior and interactions. His carefully structured approach to the fundamental problem of developing, testing, and validating complex models of human actions and responses makes this volume both comprehensible and valuable to researchers and practitioners from a variety of disciplines.

Computer Simulation of Competitive Market Response

E.Amstutz, Arnold

Finance

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