Renewable energy is a fast-expanding field, welcomed by many as part of the answer to climate change and energy security concerns; but can renewables deliver enough energy reliably and economically? Rapid expansion continues in the area of renewable energy, with wind capacity expected to double over the next five years and PV solar perhaps treble in the same period. There have been some dramatic projections of potential expansion longer term, with some studies now suggesting that renewables could supply all, or nearly all, electricity needs globally and perhaps also all energy needs by 2050. In this book, David Elliott conveys the sense of excitement that abounds in this new area of technological development not only reviewing the basic technological options and how renewable technologies are being implemented and used around the world, but also considers the problems, including local environmental impacts and the need to deal with the variability of some renewable energy sources. Dividing the renewable energy supply options into those based on mechanical power, heat and light it also looks at some related energy-conversion options, including fuel cells, heat pumps and cogeneration/combined heat and power. The author explores how these new sources can be integrated and used together with technologies for reducing energy waste and demand to replace conventional energy sources and ensure a balance of supply and demand. After reviewing the renewable energy options, the book then considers implementation and policy issues, including storage and grid balancing; aspects that will play a critical role in the creation of sustainable, clean and viable renewable energy solutions. This is not a textbook – there are plenty available – instead the book reviews what is happening across this field at this time of great change and rapid development. Supplemented with many case studies and links to information sources, this book will be essential reading for scientists, engineers, policymakers and anybody involved with, or interested in, the implementation of green and renewable energy technologies, and the environmental aspects of modern energy demands.

Renewables: A review of sustainable energy supply options (IOP Expanding Physics)

Science & Math

ELLIOTT, David

Technology

IOP Publishing Ltd.

The embedding method is a powerful theoretical and computational technique that is relevant to a great many technologically and scientifically important problems. This general nature encompasses many important and topical problems in for example surface and interface electronic structure, adsorption, physics of nanostructures, molecular electronics, plasmonics and photonics, and it has become an important tool for researchers in these fields. More recently it has also been extended into the time domain. Supplemented with demonstration programmes, code and examples, this book provides a thorough review of the method and would be an accessible starting point for graduate students or researchers wishing to understand and use the method, or as a single reference source for those already familiar with the subject and applying it in their research.

The Embedding Method for Electronic Structure

Inglesfield, John

Physics

As we settle into this second decade of the 21st century it is evident that the advances in microelectronics have truly revolutionized our day-to-day lifestyle. The growth of microelectronics itself has been driven, and in turn is calibrated by, the growth in density of transistors on a single integrated circuit, a growth that has come to be known as Moore's Law. Considering that the first transistor appeared only at the middle of the last century, it is remarkable that billions of transistors can now appear on a single chip. The technology is built upon semiconductors, materials in which the band gap has been engineered for special values suitable to the particular application. This book, written specifically for a one-semester course for graduate students, provides a thorough understanding of the key solid-state physics of semiconductors and prepares readers for further advanced study, research and development work in semiconductor materials and applications. The book describes how quantum mechanics gives semiconductors unique properties that enabled the microelectronics revolution, and sustain the ever-growing importance of this revolution. Including chapters on electronic structure, lattice dynamics, electron-phonon interactions and carrier transport it also discusses theoretical methods for computation of band structure, phonon spectra, the electron-phonon interaction and transport of carriers.

Semiconductors: Bonds and bands (IOP Expanding Physics)

Ferry, David K.

The interdisciplinary field of network science has attracted enormous attention in recent years, although most results in the field have been obtained by analysing isolated networks. However, many real-world networks do interact with and depend on other networks. In such a network of interacting networks, the system displays surprising and rich behaviour where the failure of nodes in one network may lead to the failure of dependent nodes in other networks. This may happen recursively and can lead to a cascade of failures. In fact, a failure of a very small fraction of nodes in one network may lead to the complete fragmentation of a system of several interdependent networks. Such networks of networks are common and diverse critical infrastructures are frequently coupled together, including systems such as water, food and fuel supply, communications, financial markets and power supply. Different systems in our body, the brain, the respiratory and cardiac systems etc, regularly interact and are interdependent on each other. Moreover, social networks, such as Facebook and Twitter, which play an important role in our life, connect us to a huge system of interacting networks. Thus, understanding network of networks is important for many disciplines and has real-world applications. This book will be the first to discuss this new developing and exciting topic - robustness of network of networks - which can be regarded as a second revolution in network science and will be essential reading for a wide range of physicists, mathematicians, computer scientists, biologists, engineers and social scientists. It is expected to help both students and researchers in the network science field to discover the new fascinating phenomenon in the emerging field of network of networks.

Introduction to Network of Networks (IPH001)

Computers & Technology

Havlin, Shlomo

Gao, Jainxi

Bashan, Amir

Computer Science

The mathematical method of composites has reached a very high level of maturity and developments have increased our understanding of the relationship between the microstructure of composites and their macroscopic behaviour. This book provides a self-contained unified approach to the mathematical foundation of the theory of composites, leading to the general theory of exact relations. It also provides complete lists of exact relations in many specific physically relevant contexts, such as conductivity, fibre-reinforced elasticity, piezoelectricity, thermoelectricity and more.

Composite Materials: Mathematical Theory and Exact Relations (IOP Expanding Physics)

Grabovsky, Yury

In this book, Prof. Yaroslavsky delivers a complete applied course in digital imaging aimed at advanced students and practitioners. Covering all areas of digital imaging, the text provides an outline of underlying principles of each topic before offering more than 80 MATLAB(R) based exercises. Subjects addressed embrace image digitization (discretization, quantization, compression), digital image formation and computational imaging, image resampling and building continuous image models, image and noise statistical characterization and diagnostics, statistical image models and pattern formation, image correlators for localization of objects, methods of image perfecting (denoising, deblurring), and methods of image enhancement.

Advanced Digital Imaging Laboratory Using MATLAB(R) (IOP Expanding Physics)

Yaroslavsky, Leonid P.

With the increasing attention paid to climate change, there is ever-growing interest in atmospheric physics and the processes by which the atmosphere affects Earth's energy balance. This self-contained text, written for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in physics or meteorology, assumes no prior knowledge apart from basic mechanics and calculus and contains material for a complete course. Augmented with worked examples, the text considers all aspects of atmospheric physics except dynamics, including moist thermodynamics, cloud microphysics, atmospheric radiation and remote sensing, and will be an invaluable resource for students and researchers.

Physics of the Atmosphere (IOP Expanding Physics)

Caballero, Rodrigo

Earth Sciences

The last few years have seen dramatic advances in the growth, fabrication and characterization of low-dimensional materials (such as graphene) and nanostructures (such as those formed from ultrathin films, wires, discs and other “dots”), formed either singly or in spatially periodic arrays. Most studies of these artificially engineered materials have been driven by their potential for device applications that involve smaller and smaller physical dimensions. In particular, the dynamical properties of these materials are of fundamental interest for the devices that involve high-frequency operation and/or switching. Consequently, the different excitations, vibrational, magnetic, optical, electronic, and so on, need to be understood from the perspective of how their properties are modified in finite structures especially on the nanometre length scale due to the presence of surfaces and interfaces. Recently, the patterning of nanoelements, into periodic and other arrays, has become a focus of intense activity, leading for example to photonic crystals and their analogues such as phononic and magnonic crystals where the control of the band gaps in the excitation spectrum is a basis for applications. The nonlinear properties of the excitations are increasingly a topic of interest, as well as the linear dynamics.

Dynamical Properties in Nanostructured and Low-Dimensional Materials (Iop Expanding Physics)

Cottam, Michael G.

Fourier optics, being a staple of optical design and analysis for over 50 years, has produced many new applications in recent years. In this text, Bob Tyson presents the fundamentals of Fourier optics with sufficient detail to educate the reader, typically an advanced student or working scientist or engineer, to the level of applying the knowledge to a specific set of design or analysis problems. Instead of presenting complex multipage proofs the key results are presented with appropriate literature references, before proceeding to look at modern applications. This allows readers to take away a solid appreciation of the principles to enable them to appreciate the range of applications and be able to start using Fourier optics in their research or industrial work. Well aware that many of the mathematical techniques used in the field can now be solved digitally, the book will point to those methods or applicable computer software available to the reader.

Principles and Applications of Fourier Optics (IOP Expanding Physics)

Tyson, Robert K.

Knowledge of scientific principles is also mandated as a result of a need to understand best and safest practice, especially in the use of ionising radiation where legislation, guidance and risk all form part of a medical specialist's pressures at work. It is no surprise therefore that radiologists are obliged to study and pass physics exams. Such exams can present a considerable challenge and the authors of this work recognise and sympathise with that challenge and have created a volume that is intended to be an educational resource and not just a pre-exam 'crammer'. Both authors have considerable experience in teaching, supporting and examining in medical science and have developed an awareness of where those sitting professional exams have traditionally struggled. This text is a distillation of that experience.

Scientific Basis of the Royal College of Radiologists Fellowship (IOP Expanding Physics)

Sperrin, Malcolm

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