From 1916 to 1928 powerful warlords unleashed their armies in search of territory and political power and China seemed on the verge of total collapse. Instead, a surprising amount of economic growth and modernization took place as new businesses were established, telegraph and telephone lines constructed, commercial highways and railroads built, currency reforms put in place and chambers of commerce organized to bolster local merchants. In the northeast provinces of Manchuria the warlord Zhang Zuolin was confronted by Fengtian Civil Governor Wang Yongjiang, who brought a vitality to the region that was the envy of the rest of China. Wang was motivated by the traditional ethic that civil officials had a responsibility toward local society. However, long-established values did not preclude the introduction of new-style institutions or economic organization. The resultant combination of tradition and modernization allowed China to overcome the disruptions of warlord depredations and to experience regional economic growth and periods of surprising social stability.

Civil Government in Warlord China: Tradition, Modernization and Manchuria (Studies in Modern Chinese History)

History

Suleski, Ronald

Asia

Peter Lang Inc., International Academic Publishers

Affective Expressions in Japanese: A Handbook of Value-Laden Words in Everyday Japanese

Heian Intl Pub Co

Affective expressions in Japanese: a handbook of value-laden words in everyday Japanese

Hiroko, Masada

The Hokuseido Press

Modernization of Manchuria: An Annotated Bibliography

Religion & Spirituality

The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press

Seventy-Two Ways of Saving Lives: Folk Remedies in Old China

Medical Books

Administration & Medicine Economics

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Books by Suleski, Ronald