This monograph presents the first detailed exposition of the formal theory of Branching Space-Times. The theory presented here by Nuel Belnap, Thomas Muller, and Tomasz Placek describes how real possibilities can play out in our spatio-temporal world. In our world, some things that are really possible in Cleveland are not really possible in San Francisco; other things were really possible in 1988 but are not really possible in 2021. The authors develop a rigorous, relativity-friendly theory of indeterminism as a local and modal concept, demonstrating that our world contains events with alternative possible outcomes.\nThe book is divided into two parts. The first contains the exposition of the theory, including detailed proofs. The second contains three applications of Branching Space-Times in metaphysics and philosophy of science, focusing on the use of Branching Space-Times to represent pertinent forms of indeterminism in each area. Some specific applications include a formal analysis of modal correlations and of causation and a rigorous theory of objective single-case probabilities, intended to represent degrees of possibility. The authors link their theory to current physics, investigating how local and modal indeterminism relates to issues in the foundations of physics, particularly in quantum non-locality and spatio-temporal relativity. They also relate the theory to philosophy of time, showing how it may be used to explicate the dynamic concept of the past, present, and future based on local indeterminism.\nThe Branching Space-Times theory has been in development over the past 25 years. This volume provides a much needed first systematic and comprehensive book-length exposition of both the theory and its applications.\nThis is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations.

Branching Space-Times: Theory and Applications (Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Science)

Politics & Social Sciences

Belnap, Nuel

Müller, Thomas

Placek, Tomasz

Philosophy

Oxford University Press

The theory of R-trees is a well-established and important area of geometric group theory and in this book the authors introduce a construction that provides a new perspective on group actions on R-trees. They construct a group RF(G), equipped with an action on an R-tree, whose elements are certain functions from a compact real interval to the group G. They also study the structure of RF(G), including a detailed description of centralizers of elements and an investigation of its subgroups and quotients. Any group acting freely on an R-tree embeds in RF(G) for some choice of G. Much remains to be done to understand RF(G), and the extensive list of open problems included in an appendix could potentially lead to new methods for investigating group actions on R-trees, particularly free actions. This book will interest all geometric group theorists and model theorists whose research involves R-trees.

A Universal Construction for Groups Acting Freely on Real Trees (Cambridge Tracts in Mathematics, Series Number 195)

Science & Math

Chiswell, Ian

Mathematics

Cambridge University Press

The discovery of a car buried under a winter's worth of snow holds more than just the body of the dead driver.

Catherine

Mystery, Thriller & Suspense

Mystery

CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform

The environment consists of the surroundings in which an organism operates. It is mankind that is, by and large, ruining the environment both for itself and for all other organisms. This collection covers research in a cross-section of fields centring on the environment.

Advances in Environmental Research

Haider, Max

Earth Sciences

Nova Science Pub Inc

Honor Among Thieves

Thrillers & Suspense

Independently published

The Prophecy Of Nightmares

Literature & Fiction

Genre Fiction

Die Kinderarmut in Deutschland nimmt zu. Neben der materiellen Not entsteht fast unbemerkt eine innere Notlage, die selbst Kinder und Jugendliche in materiellem Reichtum erleben können. Der Autor zeigt pädagogische Zugänge auf, der inneren Armut von Kindern und Jugendlichen zu begegnen.

Innere Armut: Kinder und Jugendliche zwischen Mangel und Überfluss (German Edition)

Social Sciences

VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften

Demographic trends put a burden on EU pension provision. As the sustainability of pension systems is addressed by current pension reforms, lower benefit levels are projected. In this scenario, households may want to consider supplementing their public pension income. As their own residence is on average their most valuable asset, its transformation to income can be one form of alleviating financial distress in old age. Thomas Müller presents research findings on the interdependency of housing and pension wealth as well as on whether and to what extent housing wealth is decumulated after retirement. The author emphasizes the consideration of housing wealth in pension policies to enable European households to employ its housing asset as an income source in old age. <div> About the Author Thomas Müller wrote his dissertation at the Real Estate Management Institute (REMI) at the EBS Business School. His research was motivated by the effects of demographic changes on pension provision in the EU. He focused especially on the allocation and liquidation of private housing wealth as a public pension supplement. </div>

Essays on Housing and Pensions: A European Perspective (Essays in Real Estate Research, 15)

Business & Money

Economics

Springer Gabler

Solid State Physics Springer Tracts in Modern Physics

Solid-State Physics (Springer Tracts in Modern Physics)

Höhler, Gerhard

Steiner, Frank

Woggon, Ulrike

Fujimori, Atsushi

Wölfle, Peter

Stwalley, William C

Kühn, Johann

Trümper, Joachim E.

Physics

Springer

Current Algebra and Phenomenological Lagrange Functions Invited Papers Presented at the First International Summer School for Theoretical Physics Uni

Current Algebra and Phenomenological Lagrange Functions: Invited Papers Presented at the First International Summer School for Theoretical Physics ... 2, 1968) (Springer Tracts in Modern Physics)

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