Research was conducted in order to simulate real-life impacts during shifts of gaze in humans. The objective of the research was achieved by applying assisting and opposing torque loads during gaze shifts of human subjects through a servomotor. The subjects performed a simple visual task to guide their gaze shifts in the dark. The visual task led the subject`s gaze towards eccentricities of a range within which the head`s contribution to the gaze coordinated movement is indispensable. The novel gaze movement trajectories produced support the existence of a feedback control mechanism in the eye-head coordination system that keeps track of the on-going movement and adjusts the movement`s kinematics on-line accordingly. The addition of a neck-muscle generated mechanism that interferes with the vestibulo-ocular reflex and affects the eye`s trajectory post-saccadically is hereby proposed as a complement to the existing neurophysiological feedback models.

The Neurophysiology of Eye-Head Coordination

Medical Books

Kokkinos, Vasileios

Medicine

VDM Verlag Dr. Mueller e.K.

Evaluation of neuronal responses to single-pulse electrical stimulation (SPES) was performed to determine the reliability of cortical stimulation under general anaesthesia compared to alert awareness. Nine patients with intractable epilepsy, candidates for epilepsy surgery, underwent SPES during both electrode implantation and telemetry recording. Early, delayed, repeated, fixed and oscillatory neuronal responses to SPES were investigated. Analysis showed that: a) early responses are normal markers of synaptic efficacy, b) delayed responses are markers of epileptogenicity, c) repeated responses are normal variants of deep cortical stimulation, d) fixed responses are markers of normal connectivity underlying sensory processing functions, and e) oscillatory responses are normal markers of pacemaking capability of deep brain structures. This study produced evidence that the main pathological markers have a high correlation between implantation and telemetry SPES procedures. Results render SPES an equally reliable process under both anaesthesia and alert awareness.

Cortical Electrical Stimulation in Epilepsy Surgery: Single-Pulse Electrical Stimulation for Localization of the Epileptogenic Zone

Health, Fitness & Dieting

Diseases & Physical Ailments

VDM Verlag Dr. Müller

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