This book shows how the concept of the racial inferiority of blacks became institutionalized in the most respectable American scientific circles in the post-Civil War period. Ironically, the war that freed the slaves also contributed to the spread of ideas of racial inferiority, for scientists used anthropometric examinations carried out during the war on black soldiers and subsequent reports by southern physicians on the emancipated population to develop their theories.

Outcasts From Evolution: Scientific Attitudes of Racial Inferiority, 1859-1900

John S. Haller, Jr.

McGraw=Hill

In the only book to date to explore the period between the 1859 publication of Darwinâ€™s Origin of Species and the discovery in 1900 of Gregor Mendelâ€™s experiments in genetics, John S. Haller, Jr., shows the relationship between scientific "conviction" and public policy. He focuses on the numerous liberally educated American scientists who were caught up in the triumph of evolutionary ideas and who sought to apply those ideas to comparative morality, health, and the physiognomy of nonwhite races.
During this period, the natural and social scientists of the day not only accepted without question the genetic and cultural superiority of the Caucasian; they also asserted that the Caucasian race held a monopoly on evolutionary progress, arguing that "inferior races" were no more than evolutionary survivors doomed by their genetic legacy to remain outcasts from evolution.
Hereditarians and evolutionists believed that "less fit" human races were perishing from the rigors of civilizationâ€™s struggle and competition. Indeed, racial inferiority lay at the very foundation of the evolutionary framework and, remaining there, rose to the pinnacle of "truth" with the myth of scientific certainty.

Outcasts from Evolution: Scientific Attitudes of Racial Inferiority, 1859-1900

History

Americas

University of Illinois Press

Medical Protestants: The Eclectics in American Medicine, 1825-1939

Southern Illinois University Press

The History of American Homeopathy: The Academic Years, 1820-1935

Discover how homeopathic practice developed alongside regular medicine Explore the history of American homeopathy from its roots in the early nineteenth century, through its burgeoning acceptance, to its subsequent fall from favor. The History of American Homeopathy: The Academic Years, 1820-1935 discusses the development of homeopathy’s unorthodox therapies, the reasons behind its widespread growth and popularity, and its development during medicine’s introspective age of doubt and the emergence of scientific reductionism. Not only does the book explain homeopathy within the same social, scientific, and philosophic traditions that affected other schools of the healing art, but it also promotes a more integrative connection between homeopathy’s unconventional therapeutics and the rigors of scientific medicine. The History of American Homeopathy examines the work of Samuel Hahnemann, the founder of homeopathythe development of his and other practitioners’ theories, and the factors in the growth and later withering of acceptance. You’ll learn the reasons behind homeopathy’s wave of popularity in nineteenth-century America and the impact of regular medicine’s shift to rationalistic system-theories and laboratory science on homeopathy. Discover how homeopathy emerged from the system-theories of the late eighteenth century; the mounting ideological differences within this unorthodox health art; its destructive internal feuds; and the factors that led to the eventual turning over of homeopathies to regular medicine. The History of American Homeopathy answers questions such as: 
<ul>
<li> how did the state of medicine in the early nineteenth century facilitate the public acceptance of Hahnemann’s theories? 
</li>
<li> what were the relationships between regualr medicine and homeopathy? 
</li>
<li> what tensions surfaced between academic and domestic homeopathy? 
</li>
<li> how did homeopathic medical schools emerge, and what were their regional and philosophical distinctions? 
</li>
<li> what was the impact of scientific medicine on homeopathy? 
</li>
<li> what were the reasons for the growing division between the liberal wing of homeopathy and the more conservative Hahnemannians, and what effect did it have on the movement?</li>
</ul>The History of American Homeopathy: The Academic Years, 1820-1935 is an informative, insightful exploration of homeopathy’s roots that is valuable for medical historians, history students, homeopaths, alternative medical organizations, holistic healing societies, homeopathic study groups, homeopathic seminars and courses, and anyone interested in homeopathy.

CRC-Press

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Books by John S. Haller, Jr.