The Lord of the Rings : The Return of the Kings ; Special Deluxe Gift Edition

JACKSON,Peter

Smith, Chris (editor)

New Line Productions, Inc.

Exploring Social Geography

Exploring Social Geography, first published in 1984, offers a challenging yet comprehensive introduction to the wealth of empirical research and theoretical debate that has developed in response to the advent of a social approach to the subject. The argument emphasises the essentially spatial structure of social interaction, and includes a succinct discussion of geographical research on segregation and interaction, which has combined numerical analyses and qualitative ethnographic field research. A distinctive view of social geography is adopted, inspired by the Chicago school of North American pragmatism, but also incorporating the formal sociological theories of Simmel and Weber.  Exploring Social Geography will be of value to students of urban geography in particular. However, it will also indicate a wide-ranging and distinctive perspective for all students of the social sciences with a special interest in debates concerning urban, ethnic, racial, anthropological and theoretical issues.

Politics & Social Sciences

Smith, Susan J.

Social Sciences

Unwin Hyman

Allen & Unwin Pty., Limited (Australia)

This survey is the first of a series which attempts to illustrate the potential for a revitalized cultural geography. The author draws on theoretical developments in cultural studies and social theory and suggests new ways of approaching that concept geographically. He argues that geography is not merely incidental to cultural variation, relevant only to the explanation of diversity, but that it is fundamental to the very constitution of culture. The book employs a more expansive definition of culture than that commonly adopted in cultural geography. It looks at the cultures of socially marginal groups as well as at the dominant national culture of the elite.

Maps of Meaning: An Introduction to Cultural Geography (Contours Series)

Routledge

France and the Nazi Menace examines the French response to the challenge posed by National Socialist Germany in the years 1933-1939. Dr Jackson argues that the German threat was far from the only challenge facing French national leaders in an era of economic depression and profound ideological discord. Only after the national humiliation at the Munich Conference did the threat from Nazi Germany take precedence over France's internal problems in the making of policy.

France and the Nazi Menace: Intelligence and Policy Making 1933-1939

History

Europe

Oxford University Press

The Macroeconomic Environment

Business & Money

Healey, Nigel M.

GHATAK, Subrata

Economics

The most popular basic introduction to Expert Systems is revised and updated to include new information on blackboard systems and has extended coverage of reasoning.

Introduction to expert systems

Computers & Technology

Computer Science

Addison-Wesley

In May 1997, IBM's Deeper Blue defeated the world chess champion Gary Kasparov, showing that an artificial intelligence system can outplay even the most skilled of human experts. Since the first expert systems appeared in the late sixties, we have seen three decades of research and development engineer human knowledge to more practical ends, in a pioneering effort that has integrated diverse areas of cognitive and computer science. Today, expert systems exist in many forms, from medical diagnosis to investment analysis and from counseling to production control. This third edition of Peter Jackson's best-selling book updates the technological base of expert systems research and embeds those developments in a wide variety of application areas. The earlier chapters have been refocused to take a more practical approach to the basic topics, while the later chapters introduce new topic areas such as case-based reasoning, connectionist systems and hybrid systems. Results in related areas, such as machine learning and reasoning with uncertainty, are also accorded a thorough treatment. The new edition contains many new examples and exercises, most of which are in CLIPS, a language that combines production rules with object-oriented programming. LISP, PROLOG and C++ are also featured where appropriate. Interesting problems are posed throughout, and are solved in exercises involving the analysis, design and implementation of CLIPS programs. This book will prove useful to a wide readership including general readers, students and teachers, software engineers and researchers. Its modular structure enables readers to follow a pathway most suited to their needs, providing them with an up-to-date account of expert systems technology. Peter Jackson is Director of Research at West Group, a division of The Thomson Corporation and the leading provider of information to the US legal market. Peter drives the application of natural language and information retrieval technologies to the information needs of law and business. Previous appointments include Principal Scientist at the McDonnell Douglas Research Laboratories in Saint Louis, Missouri, and Lecturer in the Department of Artificial Intelligence at the University of Edinburgh, Scotland.

Introduction To Expert Systems (3rd Edition)

Certification

This book explores the building of expert systems using logic for knowledge representation and meta-level inference for control. It presents research done by members of the expert systems group of the Department of Artificial Intelligence in Edinburgh, often in collaboration with others, based on two hypotheses: that logic is a suitable knowledge representation language, and that an explicit representation of the control regime of the theorem prover has many advantages.  The editors introduce these hypotheses and present the arguments in their favor They then describe Socrates' a tool for the construction of expert systems that is based on these assumptions. They devote the remaining chapters to the solution of problems that arise from the restrictions imposed by Socrates's representation language and from the system's inefficiency.  The chapters dealing with the representation problem present a reified approach to temporal logic that makes it possible to use nonstandard logics without extending the system, and describe a general proof method for arbitrary modal logics. Those dealing with the efficiency problem discuss the technique of partial evaluation and its limitations, as well as another possible solution known as assertion-time inference.  Peter Jackson is a Senior Scientist in the Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Sciences at the McDonnell Douglas Research Laboratory in St. Louis. Han Reichgelt is a Lecturer in Department of Psychology at the University of Nottingham. Frank van Harmelen is a Research Fellow in the Mathematical Reasoning Group at the University of Edinburgh.

Logic-Based Knowledge Representation (Mit Press Series in Logic Programming)

Reichgelt, Han

Van Harmelen, Frank

Mit Pr

Intelligence has never been a more important factor in international affairs than it is today. Since the end of the Second World War, vast intelligence bureaucracies have emerged to play an increasingly important role in the making of national policy within all major states. One of the biggest problems within the contemporary thinking about intelligence and international relations is a lack of historical context. Observers routinely comment on the challenges facing intelligence communities without reflecting on the historical forces that have shaped these communities over the past two centuries. As presented in this volume, new perspectives on the evolution of intelligence services and intelligence practice over the past 200 years can only enrich ongoing debates over how best to reform national intelligence structures.
The practices of war and international politics were transformed by the conflicts of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic era. One of the most important outcomes of this transformation was the gradual emergence of permanent and increasingly professionalized intelligence services within the military and foreign policy establishments of the Great Powers. The contributions in this volume consider the causes and consequences of this trend as well as its impact on war, strategy, and statecraft. The rise of permanent intelligence bureaucracies has combined with technological progress to transform practices of intelligence collection and analysis that have remained essentially unchanged since the Roman era. Ultimately, however, the nature and limits of intelligence have remained constant, rendering intelligence little or no more effective in reducing uncertainty at the opening of the 21st century than in centuries past.

Intelligence and Statecraft: The Use and Limits of Intelligence in International Society

Biographies & Memoirs

SIEGEL, JENNIFER

True Crime

Praeger

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