Cyberpolitics in International Relations

Cyberspace is widely acknowledged as a fundamental fact of daily life in today's world. Until recently, its political impact was thought to be a matter of low politics--background conditions and routine processes and decisions. Now, however, experts have begun to recognize its effect on high politics--national security, core institutions, and critical decision processes. In this book, Nazli Choucri investigates the implications of this new cyberpolitical reality for international relations theory, policy, and practice. The ubiquity, fluidity, and anonymity of cyberspace have already challenged such concepts as leverage and influence, national security and diplomacy, and borders and boundaries in the traditionally state-centric arena of international relations. Choucri grapples with fundamental questions of how we can take explicit account of cyberspace in the analysis of world politics and how we can integrate the traditional international system with its cyber venues. After

Computers & Technology

Choucri, Nazli

Computer Science

Mit Pr

This study of the international petroleum trade provides a view that departs from the conventional perspective: it is structured on its perception of the interdependence among the oil-producing countries, the oil-importing countries, and the international oil companies, taking fully into account the political context within which the economic mechanisms operate. These crucial political considerations lead to a descriptive and predictive realism which goes beyond the standard market analyses that ignore their influence.  The author develops and presents a simulation model of the world petroleum market in the OPEC era that traces effects and expected impacts from the recent past through a range of alternative futures. Dynamic simulation models, because of their adeptness at manipulating large amounts of data in complex ways, often lead to results that contradict intuitive, top-of-the-head expectations. In the present case, because political influences are explicitly factored into the model along with the familiar economic variables, this effect is particularly pronounced—the book presents some surprising conclusions that run counter to predictions and assessments generated by a purely economic simulation-analysis of the data.  Among these conclusions is the author's finding that higher oil prices, under certain circumstances, can be in the best long-term interest of the consuming countries, while low prices can have distinct disadvantages for all the countries in the world oil market by creating political vulnerabilities and instabilities. In general there is an inevitable interdependence (and possible trade-off) between political and economic consequences of different oil prices. Another conclusion is that the international oil companies will continue to play a critical role in the oil trade and that their profits will continue to grow whatever the price of oil.  The construction of the simulation model is followed from the initial concept to the details of its working parts. A number of market sectors—those of supply, finance, management, price, the producer, the consumer, and the international economy—are identified and incorporated, and their linkages and interdependencies are made explicit. In operation, the model extrapolates a series of alternatives, hypothetical future outcomes based on the input of variable prices, production policies, and tax rates. These alternatives range over a broad set of assumed situations—from radical OPEC price increases through a broken-up OPEC or one with weakened policies to the virtual disappearance of the cartel.

International Energy Futures: Petroleum Prices, Power, and Payments

Engineering & Transportation

Engineering

MIT PRESS @

A foundational analysis of the co-evolution of the internet and international relations, examining resultant challenges for individuals, organizations, firms, and states.
In our increasingly digital world, data flows define the international landscape as much as the flow of materials and people. How is cyberspace shaping international relations, and how are international relations shaping cyberspace? In this book, Nazli Choucri and David D. Clark offer a foundational analysis of the co-evolution of cyberspace (with the internet as its core) and international relations, examining resultant challenges for individuals, organizations, and states.
The authors examine the pervasiveness of power and politics in the digital realm, finding that the internet is evolving much faster than the tools for regulating it. This creates a “co-evolution dilemma”―a new reality in which digital interactions have enabled weaker actors to influence or threaten stronger actors, including the traditional state powers. Choucri and Clark develop a new method for addressing control in the internet age, “control point analysis,” and apply it to a variety of situations, including major actors in the international and digital realms: the United States, China, and Google. In doing so they lay the groundwork for a new international relations theory that reflects the reality in which we live―one in which the international and digital realms are inextricably linked and evolving together.

International Relations in the Cyber Age: The Co-Evolution Dilemma (Mit Press)

Clark, David D.

Networking & Cloud Computing

The MIT Press

An examination of the ways cyberspace is changing both the theory and the practice of international relations. 
Cyberspace is widely acknowledged as a fundamental fact of daily life in today's world. Until recently, its political impact was thought to be a matter of low politics―background conditions and routine processes and decisions. Now, however, experts have begun to recognize its effect on high politics―national security, core institutions, and critical decision processes. In this book, Nazli Choucri investigates the implications of this new cyberpolitical reality for international relations theory, policy, and practice.
The ubiquity, fluidity, and anonymity of cyberspace have already challenged such concepts as leverage and influence, national security and diplomacy, and borders and boundaries in the traditionally state-centric arena of international relations. Choucri grapples with fundamental questions of how we can take explicit account of cyberspace in the analysis of world politics and how we can integrate the traditional international system with its cyber venues.
After establishing the theoretical and empirical terrain, Choucri examines modes of cyber conflict and cyber cooperation in international relations; the potential for the gradual convergence of cyberspace and sustainability, in both substantive and policy terms; and the emergent synergy of cyberspace and international efforts toward sustainable development. Choucri's discussion is theoretically driven and empirically grounded, drawing on recent data and analyzing the dynamics of cyberpolitics at individual, state, international, and global levels.

First published in 1993. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Challenge of Japan Before World War II (Studies in International Conflict ; V. 6)

North, Robert C

Yamakage, Susumu

Business & Money

Routledge

The Challenge of Japan Before World War II and After

Reference

International politics of energy interdependence: The case of petroleum

Lexington Books

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