The Middle East Strategic Balance is prepared annually by the Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies, Tel Aviv University, to provide an authoritative and indispensable guide to strategic developments and military capabilities in the Middle East. MESB offers a comprehensive insightful assessment of the complex Middle East strategic environment. Governments and the media pay close attention to the data and analysis, and the work is quoted extensively. …Based on unique sources and professional assessment the 2003–2004 Strategic Balance presents the most accurate and comprehensive military posture of the countries in the Middle East. Up-to-date figures and information on defense budgets, procurement, equipment holdings, military deployments, WMD listings, and foreign aid; and key components of military force structures such as major changes to the orders of battle, and a survey of personnel, weapons and equipment holdings, non-conventional capabilities and ballistic missiles, are presented in accessible and easy to use formats. Published in association with the Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies

The Middle East Strategic Balance 2003 2004

Arts & Photography

History & Criticism

Sussex Academic Press

Since the 1970s, the Latin American Jewish Diaspora has been recognized as a unique phenomenon in diasporic studies, due to the development of new ways of thinking about internationalism and globalization. Important works of the 1980s and 1990s established the critical role of Jews in Latin America. This collection moves the field forward by providing an interdisciplinary and comparative view of Jewish experiences through history, literature, painting, anthropology, poetry, sociology, and politics.

The Jewish Diaspora in Latin America and the Caribbean: Fragments of Memory

History

Americas

In the 1990s, Latin America emerged from the horror of massive and systematic human rights violations as the region returned to civilian-elected regimes. Many hoped that such transitions would bring about significant political, economic and cultural change: the rebuilding a more democratic order based on a culture of human rights” that would reinvigorate democratic practices in the region. Despite the change in political regimes, such aspirations have come up against the recalcitrant realities” of enduring military enclaves demanding impunity for past crimes, the persistence of neoliberal economics, ineffective and, in some cases, corrupt government coalitions, as well as the seemingly insatiable demands of private domestic and international capital for flexible” labor and unregulated capital flows.  The tragic events of 9/11 have become so pivotal in current debates on US domestic and foreign policy, that the other” 9/11, that which took place three decades ago in Chile, seems to have been relegated to a distant footnote. This volume aims to re-examine Chile’s 9/11  a historically and symbolically charged event  and to explore the lasting legacy of the transformations brought about by the oppressive regimes of the ’70s and ’80s as they are being experienced today in the cultural, social and intellectual life of the region.

Democracy in Chile: The Legacy of September 11, 1973

Psychological Warfare in the Intifada: Israeli and Palestinian Media Politics and Military Strategies

The first book of its kind on psychological operations—military actions designed to influence the perceptions and attitudes of individuals, groups, and foreign governments—in Middle East research, it provides a much needed in-depth analysis of the techniques used by both the Israelis and the Palestinians. The volume clarifies the rationales for psychological warfare in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict from 1948 to 1991, examines the development of concepts of offensive and defensive psychological warfare as developed by the Nazis and the Soviets, as well as U.S. and British tactics of persuasion, and the ways the main actors have adapted these tactics to the specifics of the Intifada. Close attention is paid to the formulation and dissemination of Palestinian psychological themes directed at the Arab world, neutral parties and the enemy, and the largely unsuccessful official Israeli attempts to counter them, including official government stances and directives to the Israeli Defense Forces. This book is essential reading for all involved in media studies and military strategy.

Psychological Warfare in the Intifada: Israeli And Palestinian Media Politics And Military Strategies

Schleifer, Ron

Middle East

The first book of its kind on psychological operations—military actions designed to influence the perceptions and attitudes of individuals, groups, and foreign governments—in Middle East research, it provides a much needed in-depth analysis of the techniques used by both the Israelis and the Palestinians. The volume clarifies the rationales for psychological warfare in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict from 1948 to 1991, examines the development of concepts of offensive and defensive psychological warfare as developed by the Nazis and the Soviets, as well as U.S. and British tactics of persuasion, and the ways the main actors have adapted these tactics to the specifics of the Intifada. Close attention is paid to the formulation and dissemination of Palestinian psychological themes directed at the Arab world, neutral parties and the enemy, and the largely unsuccessful official Israeli attempts to counter them, including official government stances and directives to the Israeli Defense Forces. This book is essential reading for all involved in media studies and military strategy.

This book debunks the so-called 'paradoxical' nature of Franco's supposed benevolence towards the Jews, showing that any generosity on the regime's part was both opportunistic and unreliable. Dr Rohr grounds Franco's relationship to the Jews during World War II in the fascinating and complex history of post-Inquisitorial Spanish attitudes towards Jews, ranging from Philosephardism to various forms of antisemitism according to shifting ideological goals. Rohr's reading of Franco's neo-Philosephardism in the context of his colonial ambitions in Northern Africa is groundbreaking. - Dr. Soledad Fox, Ass't. Prof. of Spanish and Comparative Literature, Williams Coll. *** The author has reconciled several different kinds of history - exploring political myths, colonialism and foreign policy during wartime as well as contributing to both Spanish and Jewish history. This engaging, stimulating and original work firmly gives the issue of race in contemporary Spain the historiographical importance that it merits. Just as the Moorish 'Other' has long been recognised as a significant term of reference of Spanish identity, this books shows how the construction of 'the Jew' plays a similar role. - Dr Michael Richards, U. of the West of England *** A penetrating appraisal of the specific mixture of ideological and strategic (indeed frankly opportunistic) motives driving the contradictory policies adopted by Francoists towards different groups of European Jews in the period between c. 1936 and 1945. The particular strength of Dr Rohr's work is its understanding of the constant interplay between the political mythology of Spanish antisemitism and Spain's geopolitical interests and colonial aspirations. - Prof. Helen Graham, Dept. of History, Royal Holloway, U. of London

The Spanish Right and the Jews, 1898-1945: Antisemitism and Opportunism (Studies on Contemporary Spain)

Rohr, Isabelle

Europe

President of Israel Shimon Peres, in a speech to the German Bundestag on 27 January 2010, convened to mark Holocaust Day, voiced an often-repeated enigma that continues to trouble humanity over a half a century after the Holocaust: “The question still remains today why did the Nazis see in the existence of Jews a great and immediate danger? What induced them to invest in the killing machine such extensive resources? What motivated the Nazis to continue operating with such determination to the very end, even though their defeat had already appeared on the horizon? . . . The Nazi rabid hatred cannot be solely defined as ‘anti-Semitic’ . . . It does not fully explain the burning, murderous, beastly drive that motivated the Nazi regime, and their obsessive resolve to annihilate the Jews.” A possible answer to this enigma is provided by Yehuda Cohen. Why were the Germans of all people the perpetrators of the Holocaust? This examination of in-group identity issues and the essence and unique development of Germans’ national identity has direct relevance for those who seek an answer to this question. The answer lies in a ‘triangle’ of the fateful encounter of Germans and their problematic historical development, Nazi race theory, and the success of German Jewry. The author focuses on weaknesses in German identity which led to the attraction of a blood-based race theory as a national ethos – a narrative of German racial superiority which was invalidated by the very presence and prominence of Jews in German culture and society. Eliminating this ‘affront’ was an existential issue for Germans that impelled a Judenrein Europe – whether by expulsion or extermination. Such a linkage has been overlooked because scholars have concentrated on the Holocaust as a Jewish experience, with anti-Semitism being deemed primarily responsible. But as this new interpretation of the historical circumstances forcefully indicates, it was the German national experience that was the prime mover in the Holocaust enterprise. … In elucidating fundamental differences between anti-Semitism and race-theory, ethnicity and nationhood, and Nazi race theory and other manifestations of European racism, Yehuda Cohen brings to the surface underlying reasons for the phenomenal attraction of Germans to race theory. Covering new ground, comparison of the pattern of German development with the path taken by other nationalities reveals German-specific motifs that weakened German national development – first and foremost the lack of an ancient national all-German heritage. This and other under-researched facets of the German experience prevented German-speaking people from forming a shared national identity. With the exception of the Nazi period, Germans have never been a nation, only an ethnicity. Only a German (Nazi) race theory provided Germans with an assumed history and vision of Oneness around which an Aryan national ethos very briefly coalesced into a genuine shared national identity. … In conclusion, the author sets out how the European Union’s vision of an overarching ‘European nationality’ provides a constructive solution for Germans’ identity conflicts: it is a framework that also, ironically, supports an innate German drive to dominate the European sphere, albeit now through economic clout – a dominance never achieved by Bismarck or Hitler.

The Germans Absent Nationality and the Holocuast (Heritage, Society and National Identity in the European Union)

Cohen, Yehuda

Taking Up the Torch: English Institutions, German Dialectics, and Multicultural Commitments

Biographies & Memoirs

Timms, Edward

Professionals & Academics

Syria and the Doctrine of Arab Neutralism: From Independence to Dependence

Ginat, Rami

Since the dawn of time human beings have had to make decisions. Wise or foolish, thoughtful or instinctive, altruistic or selfish, decision-making  from the most simple to the most complex  enables people to confront and overcome constant environmental challenges. Yet, despite the momentousness of decision-making in adaptability terms, men and women ignore the actual process that takes place in their minds when, for example, they invest in the stock market, buy a car, trust a person they just met, or simply decide to go to the movies. While some decisions are taken in a few seconds (when we act impulsively without time to evaluate the process), other decisions require considerable cognitive effort and accurate cost-benefit analysis. But is it only the optimal decision that deserves to be called rational? If this is the case, how then can we explain the wisdom of our instincts, of our emotions, of our sixth sense’? Moreover, what is the role of subjectivity, free will, desire, culture in the decision-making process?  Research on decision-making has had a long and controversial history. The idea of a perfect rationality has more recently given way to the idea of a rationality conscious of its incompleteness  to a process that cannot be expressed or conceived in logical or rational terms. In this ground-breaking book, Mauro Maldonato reinterprets the secular controversy about the nature of human decision-making in light of recent discoveries in cognitive neurosciences and new research (neuroeconomics and neuroethics). At the end of this literary excursion along a stunning archipelago of rationality, morality, emotion and consciousness, the reader is provided with the means to view and assess personal decision-making and resultant action in a completely different way  a way that impacts positively on human interaction and psychological wholeness.

Decision Making: Towards an Evolutionary Psychology of Rationality

Business & Money

Maldonato, Mauro

Management & Leadership

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