This directory is a comprehensive guide to the toxicity of over 1000 polymers, monomers and additives used by the rubber and plastics industries. Since the toxic properties of materials are determined by the toxic properties of the substance released by them, a significant proportion of the book deals with monomers, plasticisers, stabilisers, and other additives. In this regard, the book will be of use when assessing the toxic properties not only of existing materials but also of future materials containing components that have already undergone toxicological analysis. Each entry gives a brief description of the material and its uses followed by summaries of studies on its toxicity. Extensive references are included for those requiring further details on the tests and results. The handbook is intended as a reference work and will provide a valuable reference work for all those involved with health and safety in the rubber and plastics industries. This publication is a translation of a Russian text. As a consequence, the polymers and additives are not strictly in English alphabetical order.

Toxic Properties of Polymers and Additives

Science & Math

Sheftel', V. O.

Chemistry

Smithers Rapra Technology

This book is designed as a practical text for use in the laboratories of the plastic producer and user industries and by others such as universities and institutions who are concerned with problems associated with additives and adventitious impurities in polymers. It is now about 30 years since the author wrote his first book on this subject and much has happened in the field since then. For example powerful new analytical tools have been made available to the chemist by a combination of various chromatographic techniques with methods of identifying separated additives and their degradation products by techniques based on infrared and mass spectrometry. In particular supercritical fluid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry has come to the fore. Combinations of polymer pyrolysis with gas chromatography with mass spectrometric identification of the pyrolysis products is throwing new light on what happens to antioxidants and other polymer additives during polymer processing and a products' life. Similarly evolved gas analysis and then thermogravimetry and dynamic scanning calorimetry is proving very useful in antioxidant loss studies. The book is an up-to-date coverage of the present state of knowledge on the subject of polymer additive systems and as such should be extremely useful to workers in the field.

Determination of Additives in Polymers and Rubbers

Crompton, Roy

Designers of electrical and electronic components have a wide choice of polymers at their disposal - cost is a prime consideration but competition in the market place is imposing ever more stringent specification criteria on the equipment designer who, in turn, is demanding significantly improved performance from his polymer supplier. This report lists the most commonly used polymers with brief notes on their properties. This report seeks to provide an overall picture of the varied use of polymers in the manufacture of electronic components. It has endeavoured to identify trends and future movements of the market. The pattern of polymer usage has changed and material formulations have had to be modified to conform with new European Union (EU) legislation relating to the use of hazardous materials in components. Furthermore there is now far more emphasis on recycling rather than landfill disposal and these are issues covered in the report. This report will be of interest to all those involved in using polymers to produce electronic components and to those who provide the raw materials for the production.

Polymers in Electronics

Business & Money

Cousins, K.

Industries

Plastics are now being used on a large scale for the packaging of fatty and aqueous foodstuffs and beverages, both alcoholic and non-alcoholic. This is evident for all to see on the supermarket shelves, margarine is packed in polystyrene tubs, beer is packed in PVC bottles and meats and bacon in shrink-wrap film. Foods are also increasingly being shipped in bulk, in plastic containers. Additionally, there is the area of use of plastics utensils, containers and processing equipment in the home and during bulk preparation of food in producing factories, at home and in restaurants and canteens. Thus it is likely that some transfer of polymer additives will occur - adventitious impurities such as monomers, oligomers, catalyst remnants and residual polymerisation solvents and low molecular weight polymer fractions - from the plastic into the packaged material with the consequent risk of a toxic hazard to the consumer. The actual hazard arising to the consumer from any extractable material is a function of two properties, namely, the intrinsic toxicity of the extracted material as evaluated in animal feeding trials (not dealt with in this book) and the amount of material extracted from the polymer which enters the packed commodity under service conditions, i.e., during packaging operations and during the shelf life of the packaged commodity at the time of the consumption. This book covers all aspects of the migration of additives into food and gives detailed information on the analytical determination of the additives in various plastics. It will be of interest to those engaged in the implementation of packaging legislation, including management, analytical chemists and the manufacturers of foods, beverages, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics and also scientific and toxicologists in the packaging industry.

Additive Migration from Plastics into Foods: A Guide for the Analytical Chemist

Crompton, T.R.

Plastics are now being used on a large scale for the packaging of fatty and aqueous foodstuffs and beverages, both alcoholic and non-alcoholic. Thus it is likely that some transfer of polymer additives will occur - adventitious impurities such as monomers, oligomers, catalyst remnants and residual polymerisation solvents and low molecular weight polymer fractions - from the plastic into the packaged material with the consequent risk of a toxic hazard to the consumer. This book covers all aspects of the migration of additives into food and gives detailed information on the analytical determination of the additives in various plastics. This book will be of interest to those engaged in the implementation of packaging legislation, including management, analytical chemists and the manufacturers of foods, beverages, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics and also scientific and toxicologists in the packaging industry. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Additive Migration from Plastics into Food: A Guide for Analytical Chemists

Thermoset Nanocomposites for Engineering Applications

Thermoset nanocomposites are complex hybrid materials which integrate nanoparticles with polymers to produce a novel nanostructure, with extraordinary properties. Organic/inorganic hybrids are some of the most challenging nanostructures investigated to date. What differentiates nanocomposite materials from classical composites is the degree of control of fabrication, processing and performance, that can be achieved down to a very small scale. Thermoset polymer nanocomposites have received less interest in their scientific development and engineering applications than thermoplastic nanocomposites. However, some of these materials may be relatively easy to bring into production. The understanding of characteristics of the interphase region and the estimation of technology-structure-property relationships are the current research frontier in nanocomposite materials. This book summarises the experimental results of work on thermoset nanocomposites obtained from the collaboration of three research groups from Bulgaria, Greece and Italy, and analyses some of results reported in the literature. The engineering resin nanocomposites are restricted to the most commonly used thermosets, such as epoxy resins, unsaturated polyesters, acrylic resins, and so on. Various nanoparticles have been found to be useful for nanocomposite preparation with thermosetting polymers, along with smectite clay, diamond, graphite, alumina and ferroxides. Thermoset nanocomposites represent a new technology solution. These new formulations benefit from improved dimensional/thermal stability, flame retardancy and chemical resistance; and have potential applications in marine, industrial and construction markets. This book helps to answer questions related to the design of nanocomposites by controlling the processing technology and structure. The book is addressed not only to researchers and engineers who actively work in the broad field of nanocomposite technology, but also to newcomers and students who have just started investigations in this multidisciplinary field of material science.

Kotsilkova, R.

Thermoset nanocomposites are complex hybrid materials which integrate nanoparticles with polymers to produce a novel nanostructure, with extraordinary properties. Organic/inorganic hybrids are some of the most challenging nanostructures investigated to date. What differentiates nanocomposite materials from classical composites is the degree of control of fabrication, processing and performance, that can be achieved down to a very small scale.
Thermoset polymer nanocomposites have received less interest in their scientific development and engineering applications than thermoplastic nanocomposites. However, some of these materials may be relatively easy to bring into production. The understanding of characteristics of the interphase region and the estimation of technology-structure-property relationships are the current research frontier in nanocomposite materials.
This book summarises the experimental results of work on thermoset nanocomposites obtained from the collaboration of three research groups from Bulgaria, Greece and Italy, and analyses some of results reported in the literature. The engineering resin nanocomposites are restricted to the most commonly used thermosets, such as epoxy resins, unsaturated polyesters, acrylic resins, and so on. Various nanoparticles have been found to be useful for nanocomposite preparation with thermosetting polymers, along with smectite clay, diamond, graphite, alumina and ferroxides.
Thermoset nanocomposites represent a new technology solution. These new formulations benefit from improved dimensional/thermal stability, flame retardancy and chemical resistance; and have potential applications in marine, industrial and construction markets.
This book helps to answer questions related to the design of nanocomposites by controlling the processing technology and structure. The book is addressed not only to researchers and engineers who actively work in the broad field of nanocomposite technology, but also to newcomers and students who have just started investigations in this multidisciplinary field of material science.

"Although recycling has a long history, it is only relatively recently that environmental protection and waste management issues have come to the forefront of both public and political awareness. Outside the fields of expertise, generally little is known about either plastics or their recyclability. 
As in the successful first edition, this book provides straightforward information on plastic materials and technology, including the options for recycling plastics, with special focus on mechanical recycling. It touches on all the major problems associated with recovering and recycling plastics at a level intended to be accessible to any reader with an interest in this field, whatever their background. It also looks at some of the broader issues surrounding successful waste management of plastics. 
This new edition reflects the great strides that have been made to increase recycling rates worldwide in recent years. It considers the expansion of infrastructure in the UK to support plastic recycling and major achievements that have been made in gaining widespread public support and participation for recycling schemes; specifically the need to manage waste on an individual household level. Current issues surrounding council recycling of plastic bottles, and the practice of providing free plastic carrier bags by supermarkets, are also considered. 
Biopolymers are expected to have a major impact on plastic markets in the future and therefore some of the issues of biodegradability versus recycling are expanded in this second edition, as is the wider context of life cycle analysis and legislation. 
Key features... 
<li>Clear, easy to understand text </li>
<li>Written for a broad audience both within and outside the polymer industry </li>
<li>Good introduction to plastic materials and technology with useful illustrations </li>
<li>Explains recycling terminology, technology and material quality issues </li>
<li>Up-to-date information on the plastics recycling infrastructure and recent developments "</li>

Introduction to Plastics Recycling

Goodship, Vannessa

"For many years, Smithers Rapra has carried out research projects for the UK Food Standards Agency (FSA). This review report has, as its origin, an FSA project on coatings and inks that was carried out at Smithers Rapra from 2005 until 2007. The objective of this project was to assess the potential for the migration of substances from coatings and inks that were used in food packaging applications. As a significant amount of work had already been carried out on coatings that were in direct contact with food (e.g., can coatings), a boundary was set that only coatings and inks in non-direct food contact situations would be considered. As the scope of this review report is greater than the Smithers Rapra project and, due to the limitations of this particular format, it has only been possible to include some of the information that was acquired during the course of the FSA project. This report has attempted to cover all of the coatings and inks products used in food contact scenarios. Hence, direct and non-direct contact situations are included throughout the food chain, e.g., harvesting, processing, transportation, packaging and cooking. In practice, this encompasses an extremely wide range of polymer systems and formulations, and an emphasis has been placed on coatings and inks used in food packaging, as this is usually regarded as representing the most important application category with respect to the potential for migration to occur. With respect to food packaging, all three of the major material classes are covered, i.e., metal, paper and board, and plastic. In addition to a thorough introduction of the polymers and additives that are used to produce coatings and inks, there are also chapters covering the regulation of these materials, the migration and analytical tests that are performed on them to assess their suitability for food contact applications, the migration data that have been published, and the areas in the field that are receiving the most attention for research and development. This report is one of a series of three. A report summarising the current situation of the use of rubber products for food contact applications was published in 2006 and a report reviewing the use of silicone-based materials (including rubbers, resins and liquids) with food will be published by Smithers Rapra shortly. This report will be of interest to anyone who works with the packaging of food and beverages and also to those who are studying food packaging/processing. The review is accompanied by around 400 abstracts compiled from the Polymer Library, to facilitate further reading on this subject. A subject index and a company index are included. "

Coatings and Inks for Food Contact Materials

Forrest, M. J.

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Books by Smithers Rapra Technology

See the best price to sell, buy or rent books by the Smithers Rapra Technology publisher. BookScouter helps to compare book prices from 25+ online bookstores and 30+ buyback vendors with a single search.

Toxic Properties of Polymers and Additives

Determination of Additives in Polymers and Rubbers

Polymers in Electronics

Determination of Additives in Polymers and Rubbers

Additive Migration from Plastics into Foods: A Guide for the Analytical Chemist

Additive Migration from Plastics into Food: A Guide for Analytical Chemists

Thermoset Nanocomposites for Engineering Applications

Thermoset Nanocomposites for Engineering Applications

Introduction to Plastics Recycling

Coatings and Inks for Food Contact Materials