United States Foreign Policy and the Third World: Agenda 1982

Politics & Social Sciences

Hansen, Roger D.

Politics & Government

Overseas Development Council

The sweeping changes that have taken place in Africa, the tremendous challenges that remain, & a new U.S. administration make this a timely re-examination of U.S. policies toward the region. This essay reviews the major economic & political trends in the region since the era of independence, examines the pressing regional challenges of ending civil conflict, expanding & consolidating democracy, & achieving economic recovery & sustainable growth, & assesses issues & options for future U.S. policy toward Africa.

United States and Africa: Into the 21st Century (Overseas Development Council)

Business & Money

Lancaster, Professor Carol

Economics

Book by Williams, Professor Maurice J., Petesch, Professor Patti L.

Sustaining the Earth: Role of Multilateral Development Institutions (Overseas Development Council)

Williams, Professor Maurice J.

Petesch, Professor Patti L.

This essay addresses the "new-new" issues on the emerging agenda for the global trade negotiations to follow the recently concluded Uruguay Round. The authors first examine the extent to which international rules in new trade areas are needed and then consider the three highest profile issues: competition policy, labor standards, and linking trade and environment. Robert Lawrence argues that if an international agreement on competition policy was possible, developing countries would derive considerable benefits. Dani Rodrik examines the evidence and concludes that labor standards―or lack thereof―have consequences for trade and foreign investment patterns. He then considers whether a social-safeguards approach can be made to work for labor standards and suggests that the risks of not negotiating such a clause outweigh the dangers of an inappropriately designed process. Finally, John Whalley argues that the central issue for trade and the environment is whether developing countries should be compensated for policies encouraging environmental restraint.

Emerging Agenda For Global Trade: High Stakes For Developing Countries (Policy Essays (Overseas Development Council), No 20)

Rodrik, Dani

Lawrence, Robert Z.

Whalley, John

Detailed item info Product Identifiers ISBN-10 1565170156 ISBN-13 9781565170155 Key Details Author Albert Fishlow, Catherine Gwin, Dani Rodrik, Stephan Haggard Number Of Pages 128 pages Series Overseas Development Council Ser. Format Paperback Publication Date 1996-05-15 Language English Publisher Johns Hopkins University Press

Miracle or Design?: Lessons from the East Asian Experience (Overseas Development Council)

Fishlow, Professor Albert

Gwin, Professor Catherine

Haggard, Professor Stephan

Rodrik, Professor Dani

In the first 50 years following World War II, some 45 million people perished as a result of armed conflict. The magnitude of damage to infrastructure, depletion of human resources, militarization, lack of government legitimacy, societal trauma, and institutional weaknesses distinguish war-torn societies from countries undergoing economic or political transitions under more peaceful conditions. The international community now recognizes that warring parties require assistance both to negotiate peace agreements and to sustain and consolidate the peace. Making Peace Work extracts lessons for future peacebuilding efforts from the recent experiences of Cambodia, El Salvador, Mozambique, and Nicaragua. These lessons offer guidance to the international community in general as well as to the governments and citizens of war-torn societies, and in particular to the development cooperation agencies.  Making Peace Work suggests the responses required of donors as countries move through the phases of the peace process and reviews the international development community's efforts to strengthen the political institutional base of war-torn societies, consolidate post-conflict security, and promote economic and social revitalization once hostilities end. The major lessons derived from these early efforts at peacebuilding are analyzed and their implications for the international development community are explored.

Making Peace Work: The Role of the International Development Community (Policy Essay, 18)

Ball, Nicole

Halevy, Tammy

This essay focuses on the future of multilateral development assistance, in light of the lessons of aid effectiveness in the last fifty years, and bearing in mind emerging development issues. It examines the rationale for multilateral forms of assistance, going back to the Bretton Woods conference, and argues that the multilateral approach has been successful in some areas, such as pooling of lending risks, but not in others, such as controlling free-rider problems through common conditionality. For emerging development issues, particularly those of international public goods, multilateralism seems to be the logical venue for coordination. However, the free-rider problems of the past will be present even more strongly in this arena and these need to be taken into account in designing institutions of the future. The essay concludes by suggesting reform of the multilateral assistance system to make it a more effective global instrument for dealing with the development problems of the next century.

The Future of Development Assistance: Common Pools and International Public Goods (Overseas Development Council)

Kanbur, Professor Ravi

Sandler, Professor Todd

Policy makers in the developing world are grappling with new dilemmas created by openness to trade and capital flows. What role, if any, remains for the state in promoting industrialization? Does openness worsen inequality, and if so, what can be done about it? What is the best way to handle turbulence from the world economy, especially the fickleness of international capital flows? In The New Global Economy and Developing Countries Dani Rodrik argues that successful integration into the world economy requires a complementary set of policies and institutions at home. Policy makers must reinforce their external strategy of liberalization with an internal strategy that gives the state substantial responsibility in building physical and human capital and mediating social conflicts.

The New Global Economy and Developing Countries: Making Openness Work (Policy Essay, 24)

Powerful global trends demand a wholesale rethinking of the system of international development assistance. A key issue is the future of concessional aid provided by multilateral development banks. What should be the future role of MDB concessional aid? And what is needed to maintain donor countries' support?In a rapidly changing global environment there is still a strong case for maintaining MDB concessional aid. But that case only holds provided a new approach is taken which adapts the roles of MDB aid to development lessons of the recent past and changing global conditions -- and does so in a way that improves aid's effectiveness.This study argues that without these conditions, continued donor country support cannot and should not be expected. The study lays out a new framework for future decision-making in MDB funding, based on: (1) a new performance-based approach to aid allocations among countries; (2) an expansion of MDB investments in regional and global problem solving; (3) the resolution of specific operational issues that stand in the way of greater effectiveness in delivery of aid; and (4) changes in the burden-sharing and governance arrangements of individual MDBs.

Supporting Effective Aid: A Framework for Future Concessional Funding of Multilateral Development Banks (Overseas Development Council)

Eccles, Professor Stephen

What role should international trade rules and the World Trade Organization (WTO) play in the protection of the environment? While many environmentalists argue that trade rules and procedures must be made more "green," many trade proponents fear that the international trading system will be undermined by extreme demands of environmentalists. In this essay, Gary Sampson scrutinizes these contending views and assesses the effects of trade liberalization on the environment; the role of the WTO's dispute settlement mechanism; the potential impact of WTO rules, including those dealing with production processes; and the relationship that should exist between the WTO and specific multilateral environmental agreements. In his discussion of these issues, Sampson puts forward a priority agenda for trade and environmental ministers and proposes ways to enhance the WTO's environmental protection role and strengthen the trading system at the same time.

Trade, Environment, and the WTO: The Post-Seattle Agenda (Policy Essay, 27)

Sampson, Gary

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