A REAL book from 1932 & NOT some sleazy post-modern pirate done up in some cheesy & HOW!) half-tone letterpress! The author of _The Muslim Creed_, A J Wensinck (1882-1939), was a Dutch Semiticist, historian of Syriac mystical theology, and Islamicist. Arent Jan Wensinck, born in Aarlanderveen, the Netherlands, began his scholarly career with a year's study of theology in Utrecht. He then changed to Semitic studies, including Arabic, working first in Utrecht under M. T. Houtsma (1850-1943) and then in Leiden under M. J. de Goeje (1835-1909) and Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (1857-1936). He obtained his doctorate at the University of Leiden in 1908 and subsequently became privatdocent for Syriac and Aramaic at the University of Utrecht. In 1908 he became secretary of The Encyclopaedia of Islam.

The Muslim Creed: Its Genesis and Historical Development

Wensinck

Arent J.

Munshirm Manoharlal Pub Pvt Ltd

In the Tamil country of South India, during the last millennium, a powerful cult of saints has been in existence. These saints referred to themselves as adiyar or tondar, both words meaning "slaves" - of the Lord. Although the south Indian saints are lesser known than those of northern India, or of Europe, they are in a manner more significant. For the sacred canon of south India, both of Saivites and Vaishnavas, consists of the poems composed by these saints. Their hymns are chanted daily in the southern temples, and often sung in homes and at festivals. In the field of art too, the saints of south India occupy a unique position. Images of the complete group of saints, sixty-three Nayanmars in the case of Silva and twelve Alvars in the case of Vishnu are to be seen in every temple in the Tamil country. Placed beside the shrine of the god, the saints are anointed, clothed, and worshipped, being an integral part of temple rituals. To view art forms in their totality and to appreciate the saints and the status accorded to them in the Tamil country, the author introduces their biographical details, the milieu in which they functioned, and includes selected translation of their poems. A complete picture emerges when the strands of poetry and religious history are brought in to highlight a study of the art. This is not simply a book about the images of the saints, but one that will appeal to students of religion and literature. This original and exciting book is of relevance for the history of ideas.

Slaves of the Lord: Path of the Tamil Saints

Arts & Photography

Vidya Dehejia

History & Criticism

<p>"Amazing it appears, yet it is true. In every period of its long history, two types of geniuses have flourished in India: One was concerned with man's existence and the other tried to make his existence comfortable, at times even enviable. This book is a s"</p>

The Indian Craftsman

History

COOMARASWAMY, ANANDA K.

Asia

Theravada Buddhism exists in Ceylon (Sri Lanka), Burma, Siam (Thailand), Cambodia and in Laos. This form of Buddhism is the tie that binds Ceylon with all these countries of Couth-east Asia. The present book tries to show that Ceylon had strong cultural links with her neighbours in South-east Asia.     From the eleventh century onwards the Sihala Sangha and Sihala Buddhism constitute a strong and vitalising force in the religious history of South-east Asia, and the Buddhist countries in South-east Asia looked on Ceylon as the fountainhead of Theravada Buddhism. This book also deals with the introduction and development of Buddhism in India.     The chief aim of this book is to examine carefully and to evaluate historically the evidence in the primary sources relating to the religious ties that existed along the Theravada countries. This book will no doubt be helpful to those interested in the study of Buddhism and Buddhist culture in India as well as in South and South-east Asia. Printed Pages: 244 with 1 map.

History of Theravada Buddhsim in South-East Asia

Religion & Spirituality

HAZRA, KANAI LAL

Buddhism

History of the Sikhs is a five volume series which deals with all aspects-religious, philosophical, political, military, social, economic and cultural, and the contribution of Sikhism to world civilization, in particular to human rights, principles of liberty, equality and fraternity, and to the creed of democracy and secularism. The aim is to present a comprehensive view of the rise, growth and development of Sikh thought and action almost in every direction. The whole series is based on original contemporary sources in English, Gurmukhi, Marathi, Persian and Urdu known to exist in India and abroad. This fourth volume deals with the rise and fall of Sikh misls. In Sikh history this term was first used by Guru Gobind Singh in the battle Bhangani in 1688, when he organised his forces into eleven misls. Banda Bahadur adopted the same organisation of eleven divisions in the battle of Sarhind in May 1710. In 1734 Nawab Kapur Singh divided the Khalsa into Budha Dal and Taruna Dal, both comprising eleven groups. This division was permanently adopted at the formation of Dal Khalsa in 1748. The Phulkian states were not a Sikh misl. They developed as petty kingdoms from the beginning. They owed allegiance to the Mughals and Durranis, the enemies of their faith. They purchased titles from them. The Sikh misls never agreed to serve under Muslim masters. Lahna Singh Bhangi flatly rejected to become Ahmad Shah Durrani's viceroy of Panjab. Baghel Singh Karorasinghia controlled Delhi for nine months as an independent chief. He thrice turned down Emperor Shah Alam's firman appointing him governor of the Upper Ganga Doab. The Sikh misls dominated the whole country from river Indus to the Ganga, and from punch in Kashmir to the borders of Sind and Baluchistan. The Mughal Emperor, his prime ministers, Rohillas, Jats, Rajputs, Marathas, the British, hill rajas, and Durrani monarchs, all were terribly afraid of Sikh misls in spite of their complete disunity and mutual warfare. The misls in the western region were unceremoniously finished by Maharaja Ranjit Singh, and by the British Government in the eastern region.

History of the Sikhs: Sikh Commonwealth or Rise & Fall of Sikh Misls

Hari Ram Gupta

World

One of the central concepts in Buddhism is the idea of Kamma. Although the importance of Karma in Buddhist thought is regularly recognized, the question remains whether the Buddhist understanding of the principle of Karma has been inalterably fixed, or whether it has undergone a process of development and modification during the course of Buddhist history. If, indeed, the Buddhist understanding of Karma has not been static, what kinds of development has it undergone? It is to these questions that this study has been text-critical and historical. The initial Buddhist formulation of the principle of Kamma as it is depicted in the Vinaya and the Sutta Pitakas is analyzed as a base for the study. Modifications are noted as already present in the later strata of this literature. The problem is then examined in the Abhidhamma Pitaka, where certain abstract developments in the definition and categorization of Kamma are discovered. In order to provide a greater chronological scope, the text then turns to an analysis of Kamma in the milindapanha. Finally, the Abhidharmakosa of Vasubandhu is considered. A new concern with the mechanism of Karmic retribution becomes evident in the Abhidharmakosa. The modifications which the concept of karma is found to have undergone roughly speaking are of two broad types. First, there were popular folk developments which were accepted only reluctantly, if at all, in more scholarly circles. Then there were the more scholastic developments in the direction of greater precision of definition and refinement of categories. In the same vein, a growing scholarly concern for specific implications of the more general principle of karma is also noted.

Development in the Early Buddhist Concept of Kamma/Karma

McDermott, James Paul

History of the Sikhs: Sikh Domination of the Mughal Empire, 1764-1803

Gupta, Hari Ram

Language: EnglishPages: 202 (247 B/W Illustrations)About the Book Tandava Laksanam or The Fundamentals of Ancient Hindu Dancing being a translation into English of the fourth chapter of Natyasastra of Bharata, with a glossary of the technical dance terms compiled from the eighth, ninth, tenth, and eleventh chapters of the same work, illustrated with original photographs of the sculptured dance poses in the Great Temple of Siva Nataraja at Cidambaram, and containing special appendices of aesthetic and archaeological interest. About the Author Bijayeti Venkata Narayanaswami Naidu was Dean of Faculty of Art, Professor of Economics, Annamalai University Annamalainagar. Pasupuleti Srinivasulu Naidu was lecturer in Philosophy, Annamali University Annamalainagar. Venkata Rangayya Pantulu, Nellore was an ardent exponent of Bharatanatyam. Preface In introducing Tandava Laksanam to the 'lovers of all that is beautiful,' we wish to say a word about the origin and development of the idea that has led to the publication of the book. During a casual visit to the Creat Temple of Siva Nataraja at Cidambaram we were impressed with the wealth of unexplored archaeological material in the renowned fane. The sculptured dance poses attracted our attention. When we realised that these poses were intended by the builders of the massive Gopurams (gate-ways) to be systematic illustrations of the Karanas described in the Natya sastra of Bharata, we desired to give publicity to them. An attempt to focus the attention of all lovers or art on t

Tandava Laksanam: The Fundamentals of Ancient Hindu Dancing

Bijayeti V. N. Naidu

Music

Particular significance attaches to Yaksas in Indian mythology, religion and art. Their almost universal presence in the earlier Indian religions, Hindu, Buddhist and Jaina, wherein they are invested with peculiar traits and powers, indicates their importance.Ananda Coomaraswamy's Yaksas is an attempt to bring together the mass of information from literary and monumental sources about Yaksas and Yaksi, their origin, and development from the conceptual, mythological and iconographical points of view. Coomaraswamy has shown how this non- and pre-Aryan "animistic" concept originated and, in the historical times, dovetailed with the Hindu, Buddhist and Jaina religious systems to the extent that the concept of Yaksattva got closely bound up with the idea of reincarnation.

Yaksas

History of the Sikhs is planned as a five-volume survey aiming to present a comprehensive view of the rise, growth and development of Sikh thought and action in every direction. This volume Evolution of Sikh Confederacies (1707-69), is second in the series. The whole series is based on original contemporary sources in Persian, Marathi, Gurumukhi, Urdu, Hindi, and English known to exist in India and abroad.  The dominating theme of the second volume is the Mughal-Sikh and Sikh-Afghan contest for the lordship of the Punjab. The first period of the struggle between the Mughal Emperors and the Sikhs under Banda Bahadur lasted from 1709 to 1716, when Banda was executed.  The second period of conflict was from 1716 to 1753 between the Sikhs and five Mughal viceroys of the Punjab Abdus Samad Khan, his son Zakariya Khan, his son Yahya Khan and Shahnawaz Khan and their cousin Muin-ul-Mulk, popularly called Mir Mannu. The third period extended from 1754 to 1768 in the strife against Ahmad Shah Durrani who had annexed the Punjab in 1752. He inflicted the heaviest blows on the Sikhs like the one struck on the Marathas at Panipat in 1761. Having sacrificed about two lakhs of young men in the whole struggle the Sikhs came out victorious. The two chapters at the end give an account of Mughalani Began and Adina Beg Khan, the last Muslim viceroys of the Punjab.

History of the Sikhs Vol. II: Evolution of Sikh Confederacies (1708-69)

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