In this monograph, the authors discuss the current progress in the medical application of impedimetric biosensors, along with the key challenges in the field. First, a general overview of biosensor development, structure and function is presented, followed by a detailed discussion of impedimetric biosensors and the principles of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Next, the current state-of-the art in terms of the science and technology underpinning impedance-based biosensors is reviewed in detail. The layer-by-layer construction of impedimetric sensors is described, including the design of electrodes, their nano-modification, transducer surface functionalization and the attachment of different bioreceptors. The current challenges of translating lab-based biosensor platforms into commercially-available devices that function with real patient samples at the POC are presented; this includes a consideration of systems integration, microfluidics and biosensor regeneration. The final section of this monograph describes case studies of successful impedance-based biosensors for the detection of a range of analytes from small molecules up to whole microorganisms. Finally, the authors put forward future perspectives for the clinical applications of impedimetric biosensors.

Impedimetric Biosensors for Medical Applications: Current Progress and Challenges (Biomedical & Nanomedical Technologies: Concise Monographs)

Science & Math

Rushworth, Jo V.

Hirst, Natalie A.

Technology

Momentum Press

The smartness of nano-materials is attributed to their nanoscale and subsequently unique physicochemical properties and their use in glucose sensing has been aimed at improving performance, reducing cost and miniaturizing the sensor and its associated instrumentation. So far, portable (handheld) glucose analysers were introduced for hospital wards, emergency rooms and physicians' offices; single-use strip systems achieved nanolitre sampling for painless and accurate home glucose monitoring; advanced continuous monitoring devices having 2 to 7 days operating life are in clinical and home use; and continued research efforts are being made to develop and introduce increasingly advanced glucose monitoring systems for health as well as food, biotechnology, cell and tissue culture industries. Nanomaterials have touched every aspect of biosensor design and this chapter reviews their role in the development of advanced technologies for glucose sensing, and especially for diabetes. Research shows that overall, nanomaterials help address the problems with conventional optical and electrochemical biosensors, by enhancing the preferential detection of glucose or its oxidation products through better electron transfer kinetics, sensitivity and response time, while lowering the operating over-voltages for energy efficiency and avoid interference. The reproducible production of nano-materials and nano-structures at low cost is vital for the successful development of nano-technologies for glucose sensing. Several products, especially, home glucose monitoring devices, use nano-materials, but the need for reliable long-term CGM is still unmet. Nano-materials and nano-technologies have an important role in achieving the long-awaited CGM technology.

Nanomaterials in Glucose Sensing (Biomedical & Nanomedical Technologies: Concise Monographs)

Burugapalli, Krishna

Wang, Dr Ning

Biological Sciences

This monograph focuses on the issues facing sustainability in supply chains. Specifically it provides an overview of green supply chain management (GSCM) and the management of technology within this context. The topics include the operational and technological activities and characteristics of GSCM management. Organizational greening activities that play a role in GSCM operations are presented. The monograph also provides functional activities of the GSCM which include supplier management, internal operations management, logistics, and reverse logistics issues. Managerial considerations related to planning, justifying, and implementing GSCM and the respective technologies provide some insights into management decisions that will be faced in this environment. The references and bibliography provide a dozens of additional readings for those interested in this emergent and complex issue.

Green Supply Chain Management (Technologies for Sustainable Life (TSL) - Concise Monograph Series)

Business & Money

Sarkis, Joseph

Economics

In this monograph, an accurate ultrasonic method for measurement of small motion and deformation of biological tissue is described. In the displacement estimation based on the phase change of echoes, the displacement estimates are biased when the center frequency of the RF echo changes. Such an apparent change in the center frequency could be caused by the interference of echoes from scatterers. To reduce the influence of the center frequency variation on the estimation of motion and deformation, an error correcting function, which does not require the assumption that the center frequency distributions in 2 different frames are the same, was introduced. As a result, the proposed method provides better strain estimates in comparison with conventional phase-sensitive correlation methods. This monograph also shows examples of applications of this method to measurement of small motion and deformation of biological tissues. This method can be applied to measurement of elasticity of dynamic tissues, such as the artery. Also, elastic properties of static tissues can be also measured by combining with actuation using the acoustic radiation force.

Ultrasonic Methods for Measurement of Small Motion and Deformation of Biological Tissues for Assessment of Viscoelasticity (Biomedical & Nanomedical Technologies)

Hasegawa, Hideyuki

Kanai, Hiroshi

This concise monograph series focuses on the implementation of various engineering principles in the conception, design, development, analysis and operation of biomedical, biotechnological and nanotechnology systems and applications. Authors are encouraged to submit their work in the following core topics, but authors should contact the commissioning editor before submitting a proposal: BIoMeDIcAL DeVIceS & MATeRIALS Trauma Analysis Vibration and Acoustics in Biomedical Applications Innovations in Processing, Characterization and Applications of Bioengineered Materials Viscoelasticity of Biological Tissues and Ultrasound Applications Dynamics, and Control in Biomechanical Systems Clinical Applications of Bioengineering Transport Phenomena In Biomedical Applications Computational Modeling and Device Design Safety and Risk Analysis of Biomedical Engineering Modeling and Processing of Bioinspired Materials and Biomaterials NANoMeDIcAL DeVIceS & MATeRIALS Bio Nano Materials Nano Medical Sciences Materials for Drug & Gene Delivery Nanotechnology for Central Nervous System Nanomaterials & Living Systems Interactions Biosensing, Diagnostics & Imaging Cancer Nanotechnology Micro & Nano Fluidics Environmental Health & Safety Soft Nanotechnology & Colloids

Bacteriophage Tail Fibers as a Basis for Structured Assemblies (Biomedical & Nanomedical Technologies (B&nt): Concise Monogr)

Hyman, Paul

Harrah, Timothy

According to the American Heart Association, approximately 5 million Americans have congestive heart failure (CHF) and more than half a million new cases are reported every year. It is estimated that at least 40,000 of these patients are candidates for heart transplantation; however, only 3,800 donor hearts are made available each year worldwide. While effective pharmacologic therapies have improved outcomes for mild to moderate CHF, the need for mechanical circulatory support is well defined and growing. Most current mechanical circulatory cardiac devices, however, do not allow for hospital discharge of patients. If fully implantable and wearable devices-using magnetic bearings and other related MEMs devices--were available, at least 100,000 patients annually could benefit from this technology. This book introduces magnetic bearings--mechatronic devices that produce contact-free electromagnetic force to support a load, such as a moving train or a spinning rotor. Compared to traditional bearings, magnetic bearings offer several advantages: no friction, low heat generation, no required lubrication, quiet operation, and fast and stable rotation. For these reasons, magnetic bearings have been used in rotary ventricular assist devices (VADs) to increase design life, reduce or eliminate material wear and bearing maintenance, as well as to increase biocompatibility by eliminating high fluid stresses and heat generation, both of which are associated with hemolysis, platelet activation and aggregation, and thrombus growth. The book covers the principles of these bearings, how they are used in integrated control and electronics systems, and useful information on several major brands of current assist devices.

Magnetic Bearings for Mechanical Cardiac Assist Devices

Engineering & Transportation

Day, Steven

Cheng, Shanbao

Gomez, Arnold David

Engineering

This monograph documents the current of state-of-art in Thermo-Active Foundations (TAFs) suitable for efficiently and sustainably heat and cooling buildings. TAFs, also referred to as thermal or energy piles, offer innovative and sustainable alternatives to ground-source heat pumps as well as other conventional heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to heat and cool commercial as well as residential buildings in several regions in the world. In summary, this monograph collects the latest multi-disciplinary advances in modeling, designing, and monitoring TAFs. Ultimately, it is hoped that this monograph will provide a comprehensive reference for both researchers and professionals interested in structural and thermal performance of TAFs and their applications in developing integrated and sustainable equipment and systems for the built environment.

Thermoactive Foundations for Sustainable Buildings

McCartney, John Scott

Physics

Beyond the straits

Warden, Marine Robert

Diffuse Scattering - the use of off-specular X-Rays and neutrons from surfaces and interfaces - has grown rapidly as a tool for characterizing the surface properties of materials and related fundamental structural properties. It has proven to be especially useful in the understanding of local properties within materials. This new book reflects the efforts of physicists and materials scientists around the world who have helped to refine the techniques and applications of diffuse scattering. Major topics specifically covered include: Scattering in Low Dimensions; Elastic and Thermal Diffuse Scattering from Alloys; Scattering from Complex and Disordered Materials; and, Scattering from Distorted Crystals. The reader will find new research on how diffuse scattering has led to a better understanding of the size of atoms and their mechanical properties as they affect crystalline and quasi-crystalline behavior. Also, important new findings are presented on the use of diffuse scattering for better understanding the damaging effects of ionizing radiation to metals and alloys as well as nonmetallic materials. The book concludes with remarks on future directions for diffuse scattering and for diffraction measurements and methods in general.

Diffuse Scattering and the Fundamental Properties of Materials

Rozaliya I. Barabash

Gene E.Lee

Patrice E.A. Turchi

Alarm Management for Process Control: A Best-practice Guide for Design, Implementation, and Use of Industrial Alarm Systems

Ph. D. Douglas Rothenberg

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