Certainty was first published in 1981. Minnesota Archive Editions uses digital technology to make long-unavailable books once again accessible, and are published unaltered from the original University of Minnesota Press editions.Philosophers have traditionally used two strategies to refute the sceptical that empirical knowledge is not possible because our beliefs cannot be adequately justified. One strategy rejects the sceptics' position because it conflicts with the supposedly obvious claim that we do have knowledge. The other defends an analysis of knowledge limited to a weak set of necessary and sufficient conditions of knowledge or limited to a set of conditions specifically designed to be immune to sceptical attack. In Certainty: A Refutation of Scepticism, Peter D. Klein uses a third strategy. He argues that scepticism can be refuted even if it is granted to the sceptics that knowledge entails absolute certainty. The argument for his thesis has two parts. He identifies the various types of scepticism and shows that the arguments for them depend upon epistemic principles which, when examined carefully, are unable to support the sceptical conclusions. Klein then argues — contrary to the views of most nonsceptics—that knowledge entails certainty and that some empirical beliefs are absolutely certain. In the course of his argument Klein develops and defends an account of justification, knowledge, and certainty. The result is a theory of knowledge based upon a model of justification designed to be acceptable to sceptics, nonsceptics, foundationalists, and coherentists.

Certainty: A Refutation of Scepticism

Politics & Social Sciences

Klein, Peter D.

Philosophy

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<p>Critical Responses to Kenneth Burke was first published in 1969.This volume provides an extensive, representative collection of significant critical pieces about Kenneth Burke’s work. There are 67 selections by 56 contributors, arranged chronologically according to the order of publication or writing which have appeared from 1924 through 1966. Among the selections are reviews, essay-reviews, essays, excerpts from books, and some previously unpublished material. Collectively, they chart Burke’s development and assess his achievements as a contemporary American man of letters.Each selection is followed by a note in which Professor Rueckert identifies the contributor and comments on the content of the criticism. Through these notes he also provides a running commentary on the course of Burkeian criticism. As he points out in the preface, like any collection which includes works by so many different activated minds, covers so long and vital a period of time, and is devoted to so interesting a figure as Burke, the chronology of responses takes on an integrity of its own which is both of and beyond Burke. Out of the dialogue with Burke there develops a larger dialectic which is central to and continuous in the intellectual and moral life of American in our time.In addition to the critical selections and editor’s notes, there are a checklist of Burke’s writings and a selected bibliography of works about Burke.The book will be of special interest and value in a number of fields where Burke’s influence has been significant, among them, sociology, modern rhetoric, theater, education, literary criticism, and verbal analysis.</p>

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William H. Rueckert

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