The material remains and the more than 23,500 cuneiform tablets unearthed at the site of Kultepe (ancient Kanesh) shed light on social, political, and economic aspects of the Middle Bronze age (ca. 2000-1700 years BC) in central Anatolia, but also in Upper Mesopotamia. The rich textual record provides ample information on a very sophisticated supraregional market economy, representing one of the best-documented historical cases of long-distance trade in the ancient world. Although the site was first excavated in 1893, followed by intermittent excavations between 1906 and 2005, modern scientific and interdisciplinary excavations have only been undertaken since 2006. The new scientific research at Kultepe-Kanesh has already begun amassing new data and providing us with a unique opportunity to generate new perspectives and to challenge previous models and assumptions about, for example, trade, colonialism, ethnicity, art, religious ideas, identity, and patterns of social, political, and economic organization in the Near East during the Middle Bronze Age. A primary goal of this special volume is to integrate the work of scholars in archaeology, archaeometry, bioarchaeology, geoarchaeology, and history to develop a new synthetic research paradigm for investigating issues of trade, colonialism, ethnicity, art, identity, and urbanization in the Near East in a unified fashion.

Current Research at Kultepe-Kanesh: An Interdisciplinary and Integrative Approach to Trade Networks, Internationalism, and Identity (Journal of Cuneiform Studies Supplemental)

History

Ancient Civilizations

Lockwood Press

The theory and clinical applications of the principles of visual behavior show that existing patterns of behavior and learning can be modified to a greater extent than traditional science has expected. VISUAL BEHAVIOR bridges the connections between sight, vision, learning and behavior: A summary for a new model of how we see, learn and work, with exciting clinical applications for educators and professionals in vision and healing therapies. It focuses on how our response to what we see - and how we see it - determines the efficiency with which we learn and work, and how enhanced vision empowers us to live our potential.

Visual behavior

Jones, Beverly

Collections of scenes and texts designated variously as the "Book of the Earth," "Creation of the Solar Disc," and "Book of Aker" were inscribed on the walls of royal sarcophagus chambers throughout Egypt's Ramessid period (Dynasties 19-20). This material illustrated discrete episodes from the nocturnal voyage of the sun god, which functioned as a model for the resurrection of the deceased king. These earliest "Books of the Earth" employed mostly ad hoc arrangements of scenes, united by shared elements of iconography, an overarching, bipartite symmetry of composition, and their frequent pairing with representations of the double sky overhead. From the Twenty-First Dynasty and later, selections of programmatic tableaux were adapted for use in private mortuary contexts, often in conjunction with innovative or previously unattested annotations. The present study collects and analyzes all currently known Book of the Earth material, including discussions of iconography, grammar, orthography, and architectural setting.

The Ancient Egyptian Books of the Earth (Wilbour Studies in Egypt and Ancient Western Asia)

Roberson, Joshua Aaron

Religion & Spirituality

This volume contains the original hieratic text, complete transcription into hieroglyphs, transliteration, English translation, philological apparatus and copiously illustrated medical commentaries for the 48 clinical cases of the Edwin Smith Papyrus, as well as extensive bibliographical resources, and a lucid introduction exploring the importance of the document, the history of previous scholarship, and distinctive aspects of the current edition. It offers an authoritative treatment of the Egyptian text, which clarifies the meaning of many passages from the papyrus and points the way to their correct medical interpretation. The Edwin Smith Papyrus is the first comprehensive trauma treatise in the history of medicine. Not only is the ESP the source of numerous anatomical and functional concepts of the nervous system, it is the basis for the development of modern objective clinical thinking, establishing the foundations of modern medicine more than a thousand years before Hippocrates. The volume features an impressive array of medical material that reveals the precise conditions described by the ancient physician and explores the Egyptian contribution to modern diagnostics, clinical practice, and methodology. This publication sets the standard in the presentation of ancient medical documents. It also includes the previously unpublished translation of the papyrus by Edwin Smith himself.

The Edwin Smith Papyrus: Updated Translation of the Trauma Treatise and Modern Medical Commentaries

Gonzalo M. Sanchez and Edmund S. Meltzer

This handbook treats the different types of shields used by soldiers in the Neo-Assyrian army and their opponents. Written, visual, and material sources are analyzed to illustrate practical aspects of defensive weaponry in the ancient Near East in the first millennium B.C. The origins, use, evolution, and manufacture of shields are considered in presenting a typology that is essential reading for enthusiasts and scholars alike.

The Neo-Assyrian Shield: Evolution, Heraldry, and Associated Tactics (Material Culture of the Ancient Near East)

Fabrice De Backer

A Reader of Classical Arabic Literature is one of a very small group of resources in English for the teaching of intermediate and advanced level classical Arabic. Based on his lecture notes, the late Seeger Bonebakker designed a superb teaching text, which he then asked his UCLA colleague, Michael Fishbein, to help him annotate and augment. The result is a truly valuable reader, one used widely in the United States and Europe, featuring judicious and instructive selections from such works as Ibn al-Qifti's Inbah al-ruwat, al-Tanukhi's al-Faraj ba'd al-shidda, and al-Dhahabi's Siyar a'lam al-nubala', among others.

A Reader of Classical Arabic Literature (Resources in Arabic and Islamic Studies) (English and Arabic Edition)

Literature & Fiction

History & Criticism

Recognition of the role of animals in ancient diet, economy, politics, and ritual is vital to understanding ancient cultures. Following the clues available from animal remains in reconstructing environments is vital to understanding the ancient relationship between humans and the world around them. In response to the growing interest in the field of zooarchaeology, this volume presents current research from across the many cultures and regions of Mesoamerica, dealing specifically with the most current issues in zooarchaeological literature. Geographically, the essays collected here index the different aspects of animal use by the indigenous populations of the entire area between the northern borders of Mexico and the southern borders of lower Central America. This includes such diverse cultures as the north Mexican hunter-gatherers, the Olmec, Maya, Mixtec, Zapotec, and Central American Indians. The time frame of the volume extends from the earliest human occupation, the Preclassic, Classic, Postclassic, and Colonial manifestations, to recent times. The book's chapters, written by experts in the field of Mesoamerican zooarchaeology, provide important general background on the domestic and ritual use of animals in early and classic Mesoamerica and Central America. English text. Spanish-language version also available (ISBN 978-1-937040-12-3).

The Archaeology of Mesoamerican Animals (Archaeobiology)

Politics & Social Sciences

Christopher M. Götz (editor)

Kitty F. Emery (editor)

Archaeology

Aron Zysow's 1984 PhD dissertation, "The Economy of Certainty," remains the most important, compelling, and intellectually ambitious treatment of Islamic legal theory (usul al-fiqh) in Western scholarship to date. It continues to be widely read and cited, and remains unsurpassed in its incisive analysis of the fundamental assumptions of Islamic legal thought. Zysow's important work is published here in full, for the first time, with updated references and some further reflections by the author. Zysow argues that the great dividing line in Islamic legal thought is between those legal theories that require certainty in every detail of the law and those that will admit probability. The latter were historically dominant and include the leading legal schools that have survived to our own day. Zahirism and, for much of its history, Twelver Shi'ism, are examples of the former. The well-known dispute regarding the legitimacy of juridical analogy is only one feature of this fundamental epistemological division, since probability can enter the law in the process of authenticating prophetic traditions and in the interpretation of the revealed texts, as well as through analogy. The notion of consensus in Islamic legal theory functioned to reintroduce some measure of certainty into the law by identifying one of the competing probable solutions as correct. Consequently, consensus has only a reduced role in those systems that reject probability. Another, more radical, means of regaining certainty was the doctrine that regarded the legal reasoning of all qualified jurists on matters of probability as infallible. The development of legal theories of both types was to a large extent shaped by theology and, most significantly, by Mu'tazilism, and subsequently by Ash'arism and Maturidism.

The Economy of Certainty: An Introduction to the Typology of Islamic Legal Theory (Resources in Arabic and Islamic Studies) (Resources in Arabic and Islamic Studies, 2)

Aron Zysow

This collection of essays honors the life and work of Gary Beckman, Professor of Hittite and Mesopotamian Studies at the University of Michigan. The essays were contributed by his colleagues, students, and friends, and their breadth-traversing ancient Anatolia, Syria, Mesopotamia, and beyond-are a measure of the range of his influence as a scholar. His interest in the reception and adaptation of Syro-Mesopotamian culture by the Hittites in particular inspired this offering.

Beyond Hatti: A Tribute to Gary Beckman

Billie Jean Collins

Piotr Michałowski

El reconocimiento del papel de los animales en las antiguas dietas, en las economias, politicas y los rituales, es vital para poder entender a las culturas del pasado en su totalidad. Por el otro lado, seguir las claves que se obtienen de restos de animales preteritos puede aproximarnos a entender la antigua relacion que existia entre los humanos y el mundo que les rodeaba. En respuesta a un creciente interes en el campo de la zooarqueologia, este libro presenta investigaciones que representan a las multiples culturas y regiones de Mesoamerica, tratando especificamente los aspectos mas recurrentes en la literatura zooarqueologica. Desde el punto de vista geografico, los ensayos reunidos aqui informan acerca del uso de animals por parte de los pueblos indigenas de toda el area mesoamericana, ubicada entre los confines nortenos de Mexico y la frontera sur, en Centroamerica. Esto incluye culturas tan diversas como los olmecas, mayas, mixtecos, zapotecos e indigenas de Centroamerica. El marco temporal del libro se extiende desde el Preclasico y Clasico, sobre el Posclasico, los tiempos coloniales e historicos, hasta la epoca actual. Los capitulos del libro, escritos por expertos en la materia de la zooarqueologia mesoamericana, proporcionan un fondo de conocimiento general e importante acerca del uso domestico y ritual durante los tiempos tempranos y clasicos de Mesoamerica y Centroamerica, pero abarcan tambien aspectos especificos de la relacion entre humanos y animales, tales como la domesticacion temprana y el simbolismo de animales, asi como otros puntos aun pobremente entendidos, relacionados a la tafonomia y a la metodologia zooarqueologica. English-language version also available (ISBN 978-1-937040-05-5).

La Arqueología de los Animales de Mesoamérica (Archaeobiology) (Spanish Edition)

Götz, Christopher M.

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