In its first update in 10 years, this text describes the characterization of all modern infrared imaging systems.

Testing and Evaluation of Infrared Imaging Systems

Engineering & Transportation

Gerald C. Holst

Engineering

JCD Publishing

Ccd Arrays, Cameras, and Displays

Holst, Gerald C.

Ccd Array, Cameras, & Displays

HOLST

The atmosphere acts like an optical filter that affects visual, infrared, and millimeter wave propagation. The atmospheric filter decreases image contrast and resolution, and reduces laser, high frequency radar, and non-imaging/radiometer system range and sensitivity. The effects of atmospheric filter sources depend on spectral band and the kind of sensor used to acquire data. They impact sensor design, data acquisition, interpretation, and meteorological measurements' supporting remote imaging of the earth's surface or optically probing the atmosphere.Scientists, engineers, meteorologists, technicians and students will find this book a wealth of useful information. Volume I introduces the atmospheric filter concept. It provides descriptions of atmospheric filter sources such as gases, aerosols, dusts, precipitation, fogs, and refractive turbulence and their measurement. Volume I describes the atmospheric filter, its components, and its effects on remote sensors. Detailed texts supported by extensive figures illustrate the complex relationships that exist. The primary atmospheric gases, their concentration, absorption bands, and meteorological effects are discussed. Aerosol scattering and absorption properties are part of the atmospheric filter. Approximations are used to develop explicit expressions for computing aerosol spectral properties. Detailed examples of multi-modal dust size distributions for mixtures of dust grain size distributions and mineral types are provided. Gases, aerosols, and dusts have spectrally varying effects and therefore affect instrument performance differently. Detection of a distant target, radiometer data, and optical beam propagation depend upon the path length, atmospheric constituents, and spectral response of the sensor.Volume II describes the effects and measurement of atmospheric filter sources resulting from meteorological conditions.

The Atmospheric Filter (Volume 1 Sources)

Farmer, W. Michael

The atmosphere acts like an optical filter that affects visual, infrared, and millimeter wave propagation. The atmospheric filter decreases image contrast and resolution, and reduces laser, high frequency radar, and non-imaging/radiometer system range and sensitivity. The effects of atmospheric filter sources depend on spectral band and the kind of sensor used to acquire data. They impact sensor design, data acquisition, interpretation, and meteorological measurements' supporting remote imaging of the earth's surface or optically probing the atmosphere.Scientists, engineers, meteorologists, technicians and students will find this book a wealth of useful information. Volume II describes the effects and measurement of atmospheric filter sources resulting from meteorological conditions. Meteorological conditions determine the dynamics and spatial variability of atmospheric filter sources. These conditions are characterized by solar position, cloud cover, visual range, spectral transmittance, wind, natural radiation, and atmospheric stability. Natural radiation affects visual and infrared system performance differently. Passive remote sensor models include visual band imaging systems, the human eye, and thermal band imaging systems. The human observer's perception is quite different than other remote sensor outputs. What you can see is not necessarily the same as what you measure. Both active and passive systems are explained in detail. Models for transmissometers and LIDAR systems are presented.Volume I introduces the atmospheric filter concept. It provides descriptions of atmospheric filter sources such as gases, aerosols, dusts, precipitation, fogs, and refractive turbulence and their measurement.

The Atmospheric Filter, Volume 2, Effects

W. Michael Farmer

Manufacturers find that many potential customers ask the same questions (a.k.a. frequently asked questions or FAQs). The answers appear in application notes, catalogs, and on the Internet. This practical guide is a compendium of those answers (one-stop shopping). The answers are provided in graphs, equations, or diagrams. An engineering approach is taken, the equations may be approximations, but the region of applicability is clearly stated. Most pages have a box at the bottom that highlights a fact,  "rule-of-thumb," "back-of-the-envelope" equation, or a limitation. Exceeding the limitation can be called a "gotcha."The mathematics in Chapter 1 supports the data analysis in Chapter 19. Radiation theory, optics, detectors, and electronics are in Chapters 2 through 6. The differences between analog and digital formats are in Chapter 7. Chapters 8 and 9 provide display parameters and those characteristics of the human visual system that apply to target detection and image interpretability. System analysis (via the modulation transfer function) is in Chapter 10 with several design examples. The sampling theorem (Chapter 11) must be used with extreme care when discussing an imaging system. There are a myriad of resolution metrics (Chapter 12). Atmospheric transmission and range performance is found in Chapters 13 and 14. System performance predictions can only be ascertained with carefully designed test setups and test procedures (Chapter 15). While Chapters 7 though 12 and 14 apply to imaging systems, electro-optical systems includes lasers, laser radar, and fiber optics (Chapters 16 though 18).

Holst's Practical Guide to Electro-optical Systems

Electro-Optical Imaging System Performance

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