Automation protects against both unsafe conditions and human errors. It is the key to safety in the nuclear power industry. This is the message of this book, written by Béla Lipták, a consultant with more than 50 years' experience in automation and industrial safety.After reviewing the Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima accidents, he not only concludes that safety automation could have prevented all three, but also explains why they occurred and what was needed to prevent them. In this book, he analyzes these accidents and the industry as a whole, concluding that the next Fukushima is unavoidable unless the safety controls of the operating 438 aging plants around the world are updated and fully automated. He believes that extending their operating licenses without adding the safety systems that are described in this book is irresponsible.He recommends that nuclear power plants be given operating licenses or license extensions only if they satisfy the following design and automation requirements:• The plant has the ability to automatically shut down the reactors even when both internal and external electric power supplies have failed and regardless of what management or the operators do.• The energy needed to automatically cool and safely shut down the reactors is made available in an uninterruptible form, such as gravity, and this energy supply is backed up by the always available energy of decay steam.• All primary containments are inerted and both the primary and secondary containments are protected against explosions by detecting both the presence of hydrogen and high pressure steam and by automatically triggering filtered venting, if either rises beyond safe limits.• The automatic shutdown systems are so designed (like an airbag in a car) that they cannot be turned off by anybody or anything, including cyber-terrorist attacks.Lipták believes that part of the nuclear safety problem is our "manual safety culture," because we still tend to trust humans more than we trust automation. This is wrong: we should automatically protect our processes also from human errors, we should prevent pilots from flying into buildings (9/11) or ship captains to hit islands (Costa Concordia, Italy). He feels that automation should - and must - be used to make the nuclear power industry safer by providing protection against intentional or unintentional operator actions or from their failure to act.

Automation Can Prevent the Next Fukushima

Béla Lipták

Reference

International Society of Automation

As commercial and residential networks rapidly go the wireless route, will industrial networks soon follow? This fourth edition discusses the increasingly popular wireless application Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and provides a clear, unbiased view of the emerging wireless communications market. Author Dick Caro explores wireless communications from the factory and process automation viewpoint to help you make clear decisions on the timing and strategy for implementing wireless networks for automation projects. According to Caro, residential networks are easily justified using today's inexpensive wireless components to avoid costly or unsightly wire installations. However, industrial networks face privacy and security concerns and the potential for signal loss in plant environments. Industrial networks must have secure communications that never fails. The cost of industrial wiring is so high, that wireless can usually be justified. This fourth edition includes a general update of events that have occurred since the previous edition. Most importantly, it includes an extensive analysis of new wireless technology intended for process control, such as ISA100 Wireless (ISA100.11a), WirelessHART, WIA-PA, and Wi-Fi, including IEEE 802.11n and 802.11ac.

Wireless Networks for Industrial Automation

Dick Caro

Industrial control groups exist principally in three business areas: facilities that manufacture industrial control equipment, engineering organizations that implement control systems in plants, and plants that use control systems to operate efficiently. This handy reference book is written as a guide to help train industrial control managers and future managers on how to manage control system projects and industrial control groups. The book is divided into three parts. The first part sets the foundation for managers. It looks at organizations and human resources. It also presents an overview of industrial control systems, followed by tools for business development and the establishment of corporate standards to guide the work of industrial control groups in the implementation of industrial control systems. The second part covers three basic topics: first, the assessment of plant needs and a quantified approach to decision making; second, the tools needed by a manager to justify the budgets required to implement industrial control systems; and third, the actual management of industrial control projects from project definition and scheduling to front-end and detailed engineering. The third part covers the post-engineering phases, including equipment installation, check-out, commissioning and start-up, followed by ongoing maintenance activities. The last two chapters in this part cover auditing, which is a tool that a manager needs to identify control system implementation problems and to measure compliance with plant needs. This book is for people who are: Managers of industrial control groups and who need a handy manual for all matters related to industrial controls from a management point of view Now in industrial controls and are looking to become future managers (or supervisors) of industrial control groups Not now in industrial controls but have been given management responsibilities in that field, such as the manager of an electrical engineering department to whom industrial control responsibilities are now part of the job Interested in learning about the management of industrial controls

Managing Industrial Controls

N.E. Battikha

IEC 61499 ist der Standard für verteilte Steuerungssysteme, der der IEC 61131 für Speicherprogrammierbare Steuerungen (SPS) nachfolgt. Dieses Buch gibt eine praxisorientierte Einführung in die komponentenbasierte Entwicklung von verteilten Steuerungen und Eingebetteten Systemen, so wie sie im neuen Internationalen Standard vorgeschlagen wird. Jedes Kapitel ist als eigenständige Lerneinheit angelegt, wodurch sich dieses Buch für den Einsatz im Hörsaal, beim Training in der Industrie oder zum Selbststudium besonders eignet. Anwendungswissen zum IEC 61499-Standard können Sie sich in etwa 10 bis 15 Lernstunden aneignen. Für den Steuerungs-, Automatisierungs- oder Software-Ingenieur und den Entwickler von Embedded Systems bietet dieses Buch konkrete Empfehlungen, wie ein verteiltes System nach dem IEC 61499-Standard spezifiziert und implementiert und wie ein IEC 61499-konformes Steuerungsgerät erzeugt werden kann. Der Text gibt auch Aufschluss über den erweiterten Bereich der Eingebetteten Systeme, da der IEC 61499-Standard (ausführbare!) Abstraktionen aus übergeordneter Sicht bereitstellt, die zum modellbasierten Engineering von verteilten eingebetteten Systemen geeignet sind.

IEC 61499 Function Blocks für den Entwurf von Eingebetteten und Verteilten Systemen, Dritte Ausgabe (German Edition)

Valeriy Vyatkin

Instrumentation and control (I&C) equipment ensures the safety, viability, and efficient operation of nuclear power plants by providing accurate and timely measurements of plant control and safety system variables, primarily temperature and pressure. The previously published papers collected in this volume discuss a broad range of topics in the steady-state and dynamic performance of process instrumentation systems. These papers are based on the firsthand experience of the author's company, Analysis and Measurement Service Corporation (AMS), in servicing and testing nuclear power plants worldwide.

Monitoring and Measuring I&C Performance in Nuclear Power Plants

Engineering & Transportation

Hashemian Ph.D., H. M.

Engineering

In this book, the authors address the wireless communication concepts and terminology that are needed to apply wireless control in the process industry. The control system interfaces and wireless field devices described in this book are based on wireless standards for industrial settings and can be used in monitoring and control applications. Wireless transmitters were initially used only to monitor the process, not control it. However, over the last six years, wireless measurements have earned high user confidence, and new control techniques have been devised to deal with the characteristics of wireless operation. Based on the broad acceptance of wireless transmitters, many manufacturers are in the process of developing and introducing wireless final control elements such as on/off and throttling valves. The book details the recent technical innovations that address control using wireless measurements and final control elements. It presents how control can be structured to manage the slow and non-periodic measurement update rates provided by a wireless transmitter and to compensate for communication delay to the final control element. These new control techniques make it possible to use wireless measurements and wireless valves in closed loop control. The book also presents how wireless measurements may be utilized with model predictive control (MPC). Multiple application examples are used to show what is required to utilize wireless control. Workshops are included in the book that explore key concepts associated with wireless control. The reader may view the workshop solution by going to the website that accompanies the book. The book is written for the process or control engineer, who is familiar with traditional control but has little or no experience in designing, installing, checking out or commissioning control using wireless transmitters and/or wireless valves. The book provides comprehensive coverage of wireless control for both continuous and discrete applications in the process industry. Information is provided on commercially available analog and discrete wireless transmitters and on-off valves. Since some readers may work with an existing distributed control system (DCS) that does not provide native support for wireless field devices, information is provided on how a wireless network may be integrated into a control system using supported serial and Ethernet interfaces. In addition, information is provided on how the PID modifications needed for wireless control may be created using tools supported by the DCS. One chapter of the book addresses how a dynamic simulation of the process and wireless field devices may be easily created in a DCS to support checkout and operator training on wireless control.

Wireless Control Foundation: Continuous and Discrete Control for the Process Industry

Terrence Blevins

Deji Chen

Mark Nixon

Willy Wojsznis

Written from a practical perspective, Advances in Reactor Measurement and Control underscores how control system design can address the different process responses and fundamental characteristics of the major types of reactors in the process industry. This book enables the reader to learn what measurements, control strategies, controller features and tuning parameters will achieve process objectives for a given type of reactor. No prior education or experience in process engineering or control theory is needed. This book starts with the fundamentals and principles needed to become proficient in getting the best reactor and control system performance. The practitioner will be able to design, implement and support straightforward configurations based on the type of process and equipment. McMillan--the author of more than 20 books, including several ISA best sellers, Process Automation Hall of Fame Inductee and the recipient of the ISA Life Achievement Award--educates through a practitioner's experience and perspective, outlining the general concepts and details, from the field to the control room, for the control and optimization of batch and continuous reactors. "Taking a practitioner's approach, I believe, is unique," McMillan says. "The concepts in this book are developed to help the reader understand the fundamental differences in reactor applications and improve the performance of nearly all types of reactors. This book is unique in providing readily configurable practical solutions for batch and fluidized bed reactors besides the more traditional continuous stirred tank reactors. According to McMillan, the book's practical value is reinforced through its: · Simple presentation of the characteristics and implications of each of the dynamic responses needed to achieve the necessary efficiency, capacity, quality, and safety in operation. · Clear explanation of the PID features and tuning and control loops needed for addressing the lack of smoothing in dead time dominant processes and the lack of negative feedback in integrating and runaway processes. The material in this book represents knowledge from leading participants in the ISA Mentor program, Brian Hrankowsky and Héctor Torres, reflecting decades of experience in the pharmaceutical and chemical industry, respectively.

Advances in Reactor Measurement and Control

Gregory K. McMillan

No technical library is complete without this comprehensive dictionary covering the entire vocabulary of automation, systems, and instrumentation. Now in its 4th edition, this authoritative dictionary has been revised and expanded to reflect the latest trends in industrial instrumentation and automation. References to relevant ISA and IEC standards are now included throughout, along with illustrations to enhance the definitions of more difficult terms. This reference encompasses not only specialized vocabulary unique to instruments and control systems, but many terms from other engineering disciplines as well. Ideal for engineers, managers, salespeople, technicians, students, and technical writers, this volume is packed with practical information.

The Automation, Systems, and Instrumentation Dictionary

Theodore G. Dimon

Dictionaries & Thesauruses

This revised best-seller is a convenient installation, troubleshooting, and reference tool on one of the hottest topics in automation and process control. It will help you understand important Ethernet and TCP/IP terminology and provide important information about the new industrial protocols. 
You will quickly gain a solid grasp of Ethernet basics, the constraints of the industrial environment, and the specialized requirements of machine control. Practical reference charts and technical tips make this book an ideal quick reference source at your project meetings and on the job. New topics covered in the book include signaling types, Web services, power over Ethernet, and an expanded focus on Ethernet protocols and addressing as well as wireless Ethernet. The last part of the book provides installation, maintenance, troubleshooting, and security tips. After reading this book, you will be able to plan industrial Ethernet installations with realistic expectations, make knowledgeable purchasing decisions, and identify and prevent common causes of failure.

Industrial Ethernet, Second Edition

Computers & Technology

Perry S. Marshall

John S. Rinaldi

Networking & Cloud Computing

The authors of the best-selling book PID Controllers: Theory, Design, and Tuning once again combine their extensive knowledge in the PID arena to bring you an in-depth look at the world of PID control. A new book, Advanced PID Control builds on the basics learned in PID Controllers but augments it through use of advanced control techniques. Design of PID controllers are brought into the mainstream of control system design by focusing on requirements that capture effects of load disturbances, measurement noise, robustness to process variations and maintaining set points. In this way it is possible to make a smooth transition from PID control to more advanced model based controllers. It is also possible to get insight into fundamental limitations and to determine the information needed to design good controllers. The book provides a solid foundation for understanding, operating and implementing the more advanced features of PID controllers, including auto-tuning, gain scheduling and adaptation. Particular attention is given to specific challenges such as reset windup, long process dead times, and oscillatory systems. As in their other book, modeling methods, implementation details, and problem-solving techniques are also presented.

Advanced PID Control

Tore Hägglund

Karl J. Aström

Computer Science

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