The tragedy of the Middle East has brought about the greatest refugee migration since World War II and a crisis in Europe. Desperate people are pouring across borders in search of sanctuary or escape, and some believe the very existence of the EU could be at stake. The mood across Europe is hardening. Join us as journalists of the Independent explore this 21st century exodus.

Middle East Exodus: Refugee Crisis in Europe (History As It Happened)

Politics & Social Sciences

Independent, The

Social Sciences

Independent Print Limited

It began on a surge of international consensus, following the 9/11 terrorist atrocities. Thirteen years later, the US-led coalition’s war in Afghanistan came to a quiet close. Britain and America are still counting the cost. Throughout that time, one journalist above all others has reported on the con?flict with unfailing insight, perspective and courage. This is Robert Fisk at his best.

Robert Fisk on Afghanistan: Osama bin Laden: 9/11 to Death in Pakistan (History As It Happened)

FISK, Robert

Politics & Government

The deserts of North Africa are a new front in the global “war on terror”. Islamic extremists, loosely affiliated to al-Qa’ida, are attacking Western interests. The legacy of years of horrifying sectarian bloodletting in Algeria has led to an “arc of insecurity” stretching from Senegal to Somalia, with some of the fiercest action in Algeria and Mali. Rarely has a nation’s suffering been so under-reported. More than 150,000 people have been killed by their fellow Algerians, mostly with sickening cruelty, since 1992. Meanwhile, the power and influence of the fighters who call themselves Al-Qa’ida in the Islamic Maghreb has been growing inexorably. For those seeking to understand why Algeria’s tragedy matters and what it means, Robert Fisk, who raised the alarm about what was happening in Algeria while the rest of the world looked away, it is essential reading.

ROBERT FISK ON ALGERIA: Why Algeria's Tragedy Matters (History As It Happened)

History

Africa

This remarkable anthology chronicles more than three years of spiralling violence and despair in Syria: atrocity heaped upon atrocity, misery upon misery, and all - so far - to no avail. No faction is without blood on its hands; no crime, from torture to poison gas, has been deemed taboo. The dead are too numerous to count. As for the living, close to 3 million refugees have fled Syria, with millions more internally displaced. How did we come to this? There is no better way to answer this question than to revisit The Independent's published accounts of the unfolding tragedy. Spearheaded by peerless and profoundly experienced correspondents such as Patrick Cockburn, Robert Fisk, Kim Sengupta, our coverage has led the world in its fearlessness and insight. Syria's tragedy is not yet over.

SYRIA: Descent Into the Abyss

Cockburn, Patrick

Sengupta, Kim

Middle East

No journalist has chronicled the tragedies of the Israelis and the Palestinians so exhaustively, so authoritatively - or so controversially - as Robert Fisk, the Independent’s correspondent in the region for 25 years. No US president has entered the White House carrying so much hope of peace and progress in the region as Barack Obama. Yet how much has the Nobel prize-winning icon of reconciliation actually delivered? And how much objectivity has the world’s media brought to its coverage of his Middle-Eastern initiatives? This unique anthology of six years of reporting and analysis allows you to re-examine a crucial period of history by following it episode by episode, through the ferociously clear-sighted eyes of one of the great foreign reporters of our times.

ROBERT FISK ON ISRAEL: The Obama Years (History As It Happened)

Every Saturday in The Independent’s award-winning Traveller section, “48 hours” stories explore new and exciting city-break itineraries. This collection is a wonderful reference tool for travellers looking for inspiration. The cities chosen encompass well-known and less-visited destinations, and offer travellers everything from dazzling architecture to world-class museums, designer shopping and historic landmarks.

48 HOURS IN EUROPEAN CAPITALS: How to Enjoy the Perfect Short Break in 20 Great Cities

Travel

Calder, Simon

Europe

No commentator is better qualified to tell the tragic tale of the cruel disappointments of the Arab Spring than Robert Fisk. He is the unflinching critic of the Mubarak regime and acclaimed chronicler of Middle-Eastern affairs for The Independent for 25 years. This powerful anthology of his journalism describes the full cycle of Egypt’s awakening and relapse, episode by episode, as it happened – from the first stirrings of unrest to the glorious dawn of Tahrir Square, and the days of shame and atrocity that followed. Told with rare insight into both Egyptian culture and the hypocrisy of the West, this is history at its most compelling, written by one of the very greatest commentators on the Arab world.

ROBERT FISK ON EGYPT: A Revolution Betrayed (History As It Happened)

In ISIS: Battling the Menace, Patrick Cockburn provides unique insights into the Islamic State scourge. He traces the origin of ISIS, confronts the horror of its methods, and details its threat to the Middle East and the world at large through a series of his articles published by The Independent.

ISIS: Battling the Menace

In Patrick Cockburn on Iraq: The West Shakes Up The Middle East, The Independent continues its series of History As It Happened books. Over the past 15 years the US and its allies should have had the greatest interest in maintaining a Middle East status quo. But, as Cockburn details in a series of insightful articles published in The Independent, the West has been the most radical instrument of change in the Middle East.

IRAQ: The West Shakes Up The Middle East (History As It Happened)

Middle East conflict and the Arab Spring: Gain insight and learn from two of the most acclaimed experts on the Middle East In December 2010, the “Tunisian Revolution” touched off a wave of protests, riots, revolutions and civil wars throughout the Middle East. Initially the world hoped for positive change – democracy, free elections, and human rights. But, by 2012 the Arab Spring had morphed into “Arab Winter” bringing death, destruction, and despair. The Independent’s Robert Fisk and Patrick Cockburn, two of the most acclaimed Middle East correspondents of our generation, examine the events of this regional tsunami that threatens to have an impact on our world for years to come.

Arab Spring Then and Now: From Hope to Despair (History As It Happened)

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