Drawing on both laboratory experiments and the real world of America's presidential, gubernatorial, and congressional races, the authors show that negative advertising drives down voter turnout - in some cases dramatically - and that political consultants intentionally use ads for this very purpose. In the 1992 presidential election, by the authors' calculation, over 6 million votes were lost to negative campaigns. Negative ads work better for Republicans than for Democrats, and better for men than for women; unfortunately, negative ads also work better in general than positive ones, so attacking has become nearly universal. Republican primary campaigns increasingly set the tone for our national general elections, and they do so with relentless attacks. Everyone, even a war hero like Colin Powell, is fair game, and few reputations can emerge unscathed. The result of such a bitter contest is that independent voters, who are disproportionately well educated and open minded, are repulsed by the entire system and have been converted to non-voting apathetics. We are losing some of our best citizens, and pandering to the extremists who remain.

Going Negative: How Attack Ads Shrink and Polarize the Electorate

Ansolabehere, Stephen

Free

NOT ex-library. Plastic cover, price clipped, light edgewear &amp; rubbing, small date note rfep, o/w tight and clean.

Jefferson Davis

Biographies & Memoirs

EATON, Clement

Historical

First, Break All The Rules: What The World's Greatest Managers Do Differently.

Marcus & Curt Coffman. Buckingham

Phoenix Project (Korean Edition)

Jin Kim

Kevin Burr

Blue Mind b "My mother, my sister, I live by the river." - The joy, happiness and health of water b Why do we love so much water? What happens when you hear the word water? Why do people prefer the ocean-view apartments even more expensive? Why do activities with water make you feel happy and healthy? Why do you feel happiness, health, feeling connected, confidence in what you do when you are close to the water like this? I want to reveal the basis of scientific knowledge and concrete examples, not the admiration for water or water jargon. "Water is life." If there is life in the water, and there is life somewhere in that wide universe, there is water. It is a place. Therefore, the beauty of the blue earth, seen through the Blue Marble, looking down on Earth from outer space, is a symbol of the importance of water.

Blue Mind (Korean Edition)

Wallace J. Nichols

CSS Secret (Korean Edition)

Riaberu

In this case

3ds Max Game Character Design (Korean Edition)

Kim Hyun

Summary of Betrayal: The Final Act of the Trump Show BY Jonatham karl

Walser, Floyd

Leaders & Notable People

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