The results of a project carried out from 2000-05 to traces the historical development of field systems in East Anglia. The authors identified 8 land types (with 18 sub-types) and used these to analyse twelve areas in detail, particularly distinguishing between common fields and block holdings. Among their conclusions are that the co-axial fields identified are probably not as old as has sometimes been claimed (i.e. not pre-Roman), that East Anglia can be conveniently divided into two broad zones (with the river Gipping providing the boundary), and that the late Anglo-Saxon period proved to be one of significant change with both agricultural advances and Viking settlement leaving their mark on the landscape.

Wheare most Inclosures be - East Anglian Fields: History, Morphology and Management (East Anglian Archaeology Monograph)

Politics & Social Sciences

Martin, Edward

Archaeology

East Anglian Archaeology

The construction of the Wickham Market bypass (A12) in Suffolk provided the opportunity to investigate more fully a Roman `small town' already known through fieldwalking, small-scale investigations, chance finds and metal detecting activities. This report publishes the findings from the 1973-74 geophysical survey and excavations at the site. The introduction provides a background history to the site which was first occupied before the Roman invasion and subsequently developed until the 4th century when it was abandoned. Evidence for pottery manufacture and ironworking were detected from the nature and quantity of finds which are reported here alongside the coins, small finds and zoological data.

Excavations at a Large Romano-British Settlement at Hacheston, Suffolk, 1973-74

Blagg, Thomas

Sparse Iron Age occupation was followed by extensive rural occupation, building up over three phases in the Roman period to a large 2nd-4th AD farmstead. In the late 4th century AD this was abandoned for no archaeologically discernible reason to lay the ground for the famous Anglo-Saxon cemetery. Ecofactual evidence for crop-processing (including flax) and artefactual evidence for many craft activities are presented. The large collection of Roman pottery is the first from an excavation in Central Norfolk to receive detailed analysis and indicates fineware flows mostly from the Nene valley. This report fills the gap between Spong Hill 6 (prehistoric occupation) and the cemetery reports, most of which are still available.

The Anglo-Saxon Cemetery at Spong Hill, Part 7: Iron Age, Roman and Early Saxon Settlement (East Anglian Archaeology Monograph)

History

Rickett, R.

Europe

This volume discusses and catalogues all examples of armorial devices from horse furniture known from the Norfolk SMR. In what is a vaulable reference tool for archaeologists and military historians alike, the volume presents all manner of 12th- to 14th-century pendants, studs, mounts and badges which depict geometric patterns, animals, buildings, plants, humans, monsters and everyday items. Fine line drawings illustrate 246 objects. The volume includes a glossary of technical and decorative terms.

Medieval Armorial Horse Furniture in Norfolk (East Anglian Archaeology Monograph)

Ashley, Steven

Arts & Photography

Between 1995 and 1997 seven Romano-British pottery kilns were excavated at three sites in East Anglia, all of which were threatened by commercial development and.or destruction by other means. A single kiln was excavated at Ellingham, and three at both Postwick and Two Mile Bottom, dating from the late 2nd to early 3rd century AD, 2nd century AD and later Roman period respectively. This volume presents three separate reports on these sites which reveal insights into small-scale pottery production, including processes and products, in rural, Roman East Anglia.

The Excavation of Romano-British Pottery Kilns at Ellingham, Postwick and Two Mile Bottom, Norfolk, 1995-7

Bates, Sarah

Oxbow says: Excavated in the 1970s, the sites of Morning Thorpe, Bergh Apton and Spong Hill in Norfolk and Westgarth Gardens in Suffolk, have only previously been published as catalogues. This volume aims to discuss the evidence from these four cemeteries in more general terms to gain insights into Anglo-Saxon social structure. Containing approximately five hundred inhumations, dating from the mid-5th to 7th century, the burials contain a wealth of artefacts which are used to establish a chronology and trace changes in material culture and burial practice over time. Issues of weapon and dress accessory deposition, as well as gender and status, are discussed as the authors examine how wealth and status differences may have manifested themselves among the communities that were buried in these cemeteries.

Aspects of Anglo-Saxon Inhumation Burial: Morning Thorpe, Spong Hill, Bergh Apton and Westgarth Gardens (East Anglian Archaeology Monograph)

Penn, Kenneth

Brugmann, Birte

In the 1980s work began on construction of the vast underground Castle Mall shopping centre in Norwich. The associated archaeological excavation was one of the largest of its kind in northern Europe, designed to investigate not only the castle bailey but also pre-Conquest settlement and, for the post-Conquest period, areas of the surrounding medieval city. The report describes evidence for late Saxon streets, houses and graveyards; the developing fortifications of an urban castle established before 1100; gradual encroachment by the townspeople into the castle precinct after the 13th century; documentation relating to the ownership and development of properties within the Castle Fee; crafts and industries associated with these plots - notably bell-founding; a late medieval assemblage of great significance from the barbican well including ironwork, leather waste, bird and animal bone; and sizeable finds assemblages resulting from the steady infilling of castle ditches with domestic and commercial refuse. A CD contains additional appendices, illustrations and tables for these two volumes as well as Part III: A Zooarchaeological Study, and Part IV: People and Property in the Documentary Record. Parts III and IV are also available in printed form as EAA Occasional Papers 22 and 23.

Norwich Castle: Excavations and Historical Survey 1987-98. Part I Anglo-Saxon to c.1345, and Part II c.1345-modern (East Anglian Archaeology Monograph)

Popescu, Elizabeth Shepherd

During construction of Ormesby bypass in east Norfolk, human bones were found by the contractors. Excavation revealed that these were not isolated burials. Sixty articulated burials were examined which, along with unstratified bones, represented at least forty-five adults and seventeen children. Radiocarbon determinations indicate a date range of 11th-14th centuries. Demographic, metrical, morphological, dental and pathological aspects of the population have been studied, and compared with contemporary Norfolk groups. Demographic analysis suggests a trend towards death in old age amongst the men and in young adult life for the women. Metrical analysis shows a similarity with medieval groups in Norfolk, and non-metric traits suggest a close affinity with people from a nearby Saxon cemetery and a medieval group from Norwich.  Ormesby had four churches during the medieval period. The locations of three (St Margaret, St Michael and St Peter) were known prior to this excavation, and the location of the fourth (St Andrew) had been predicted. The burials were in none of these places. Archaeological evidence, along with aerial photographs, cartographic and documentary evidence allows an alternative location to be suggested for the church of St Andrew, adjacent to the burials.

A Medieval Cemetery at Mill Lane, Ormesby St Margaret, Norfolk (East Anglian Archaeology Monograph)

Anderson, Sue

Wallis, Heather

In the 1980s work began on construction of the vast underground Castle Mall shopping centre in Norwich. The associated archaeological excavation was one of the largest of its kind in northern Europe, designed to investigate not only the castle bailey but also pre-Conquest settlement and, for the post-Conquest period, areas of the surrounding medieval city. Although Parts I and II both contain summary accounts of the faunal remains, setting them into their wider context and including additional information on craft activities, the scale of the data made publication of a separate and more specialised report on the faunal remains desirable and this is published here as Part III.

Norwich Castle: Excavations and Historical Survey 1987-98. Part III A Zooarchaeological Study (East Anglian Archaeology Occasional Paper)

Beech, Mark

Curl,J. S.

Curl, Julie

Albarella, Umberto

Beech, Mark J.

Locker, Alison

In the 1980s work began on construction of the vast underground Castle Mall shopping centre in Norwich. The associated archaeological excavation was one of the largest of its kind in northern Europe, designed to investigate not only the castle bailey but also pre-Conquest settlement and, for the post-Conquest period, areas of the surrounding medieval city. Documentary evidence that supplements the substantial data presented in the monograph (parts I and II) forms Part IV (EAA occasional paper 23), published separately because of the scale of the data and because it forms a rounded resource in its own right. It provides additional data on medieval and later properties around the entire circuit of the Castle Fee, permitting ease of access to information that might otherwise have been obscured within the complexity of the integrated monograph.

Norwich Castle: Excavations and Historical Survey 1987-98. Part IV People and Property in the Documentary Record (East Anglian Archaeology Occasional Paper)

Tillyard, Margot

Ives, Nancy

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