In dieser Arbeit wird eine schiffsbasierte CO2-Transportkette entwickelt und in Hinblick auf einen möglichst geringen Energiebedarf optimiert. Die einzelnen Komponenten der schiffsbasierten CO2-Transportkette werden in Aspen Plus V8.6 modelliert. Für die Verflüssigung von reinem CO2 werden Werte zwischen 7,3 kWh/t CO2 und 14,6 kWh/t CO2 ermittelt. Bei Anwesenheit von typischen CO2-Begleitstoffen aus Post-Combustion- und Oxyfuel-Abscheideprozessen ist der Energiebedarf höher. Für die Injektion von reinem CO2 wird ein Wert von 3,8 kWh/t CO2 für den elektrischen Energiebedarf und ein Wert von 26,5 kWh/t CO2 für den thermischen Energiebedarf ermittelt (Bohrkopfdruck 120 bar). Anschließend wird die entwickelte Transportkette für drei Beispielszenarien mit verschiedenen Transportkapazitäten, Einspeisecharakteristiken und Begleitstoff-Konzentrationen dimensioniert. Für die betrachteten Transportkapazitäten (1 Mt/a bis 20 Mt/a) erscheint der Einsatz von zwei Schiffen bei einer Transportstrecke von 100 km am sinnvollsten. Bei einer Transportstrecke von 1000 km wird für eine Transportkapazität von 20 Mt/a eine größere Anzahl an Schiffen benötigt.

Development of a Ship-Based CO2 Transport Chain

Engineering & Transportation

Engel, Frithjof

Engineering

Cuvillier

Today there is an increased focus on a considerable reduction of the total energy consumption in the world. As the heating of buildings constitutes a large part of this consumption, the development of highly efficient thermal insulation materials is highly demanded. The most promising class are polymeric nanofoams, which might be producible by using the "Principle Of Supercritical Microemulsion Expansion" (POSME). Within this approach, microemulsions with a high number density of CO2 nano-pools in a polymerizable material (e.g. polyol) are used as templates. Adjusting supercritical conditions, the nucleation of gaseous CO2 during the expansion is avoided, so that each CO2-swollen micelle should ideally grow to a nanopore. However, due to aging phenomena, so far only polyurethane (PU) foams with microcellular pores could be produced applying this approach. In order to improve the properties of the foamable microemulsion template, microemulsions of the type water - CO2 - non-ionic fluorinated surfactant (Capstone(R) FS-3100) were studied in the first part of this thesis as a model system. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements for the first time revealed the phase inversion from CO2-swollen micelles in water via bicontinuous structures to water-swollen micelles in CO2. Using a scaling description developed for microemulsions of the type water -alkane - CiEj, the temperature dependence of the length scales found in classical and CO2-microemulsions fall on top of each other. Moreover, the partial replacement of CO2 by cyclohexane was found to increase the efficiency of the fluorinated surfactant to form a bicontinuous microemulsion. This efficiency boosting could be correlated with the increase of the bending rigidities κ0, SANS and κNSE determined by SANS and neutron spin echo (NSE). In the second part of this thesis the gained knowledge was successfully used to formulate CO2-in-polyol microemulsions appropriate for the production of nanocellular PU foams. Usi

From corresponding states in water - CO2 - F(CF2)iC2H4Ej microemulsions towards foamable nanostructured CO2-in-polyol systems

Science & Math

Lülsdorf, Stefan

Chemistry

Biological plant protection products can be an important tool in integrated pest management. The production and formulation of micro-organisms to an applicable product are still a challenge. The final product is a compromise between biomass production, storage and efficacy capabilities. Often the performance depends from the testing system in fact antagonism showed in laboratory or controlled chambers can fail in the field. Therefore it is important to test biological plant protection products at the intended application environment. Also storage and efficacy tests should be made with the final product since the living organisms there contained can be influenced by the fermentation and the formulation processes. Cooperation between industry, science and farmers is needed to develop a product with stable results in time and different environments.

Biological agents formulation and mode of application against strawberry diseases (Band 47

Bisutti, Isabella Linda

The phosphinoamide chemistry has attracted a considerable attention owing to the structural diversity of the associated complexes. To further understand the properties of the P-N bond, Ashby synthesized the compound (Ph2P-NPh)Li(Et2O)] through the deprotonation reaction of the corresponding aminophosphine with nBuLi. X-ray diffraction analyses indicated the presence of Li-P bonds (2.684 and 3.004 ). In addition, the P-N bond length (1.672(2) ) was relatively smaller than that of a single bond (mean value of 1.70).

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Arsinoamide and its Metal Complexes

Xiao, Chen

E-government and its connection with administrative reforms are commonly regarded as important milestones for e-democracy and e-participation - although they have been poorly investigated so far. The book attempts to tap the potential of e-government in a pilot study for Germany and Vietnam. At first glance, such an approach seems daring, as the two countries differ considerably in their political systems. All the more surprising are the results reached by the German-Vietnamese working group. The findings on e-government and its service quality are disappointing for both countries. Even the question has arisen as to what advantages citizens can have through it. From the German perspective, critical voices on the potential of e-government for political participation and deliberation predominate. The Vietnamese side considers the possibilities for e-democracy, e-participation and in the fight against environmental pollution and corruption to be much more positive. It can be assumed that this is related to the greater leap in development made by countries such as Vietnam compared with Germany through information and communications technology. E-Government und sein Zusammenhang mit Verwaltungsreformen werden allgemein als wichtige Meilensteine für E-Demokratie und E-Partizipation angesehen - obwohl sie bisher nur unzureichend untersucht wurden. In einer Pilotstudie für Deutschland und Vietnam versucht das Buch, das Potenzial von E-Government zu erschließen. Auf den ersten Blick erscheint ein solcher Ansatz gewagt, da sich die beiden Länder in ihren politischen Systemen stark unterscheiden. Umso überraschender sind die Resultate der deutsch-vietnamesischen Arbeitsgruppe. Die Ergebnisse zum Thema E-Government und dessen Servicequalität sind für beide Länder enttäuschend. Es stellt sich sogar die Frage, welche Vorteile die Bürger durch es haben können. Aus deutscher Sicht dominieren kritische Stimmen über das Potenzial von E-Government für politische Partizipation und Del

E-Government and Administrative Reform in Germany and Vietnam

Politics & Social Sciences

Politics & Government

Terahertz (THz) technology bears great potential in spectroscopy, imaging, material science, security screening and high-speed wireless communication. However, the generation of intensive, directional THz radiation has been difficult and the THz frequency range has long been considered the last final frontier of the electromagnetic spectrum. Recent advancement in optoelectronic terahertz generation techniques and high power electronic sources has helped to bridge the THz gap and has opened up a wealth of new applications for THz technology. However, there is still a major technical limitation in developing THz systems for mass markets, mainly due to the cost of THz hardware components including sources and detectors. In this regard, we investigated the use of semiconductor diode lasers as THz detectors as well as excitation sources for photomixers for THz generation. For THz detection, we investigated the interaction of semiconductor lasers with THz radiation. Intense THz radiation from different sources and at various frequencies was injected into the laser diode. The laser diode was operated in Littman configuration to ensure clean single mode operation in the near infrared. The charge carrier system in the semiconductor was expected to interact with the injected THz radiation and introduce nonlinear frequency mixing. This nonlinear mixing was to induce sidebands in the near infrared optical spectra and was to be analyzed with an optical spectrum analyzer. This may lead to the demonstration of a simple, cost effective and compact room temperature THz spectrometer since the distance between the emission line and the sidebands equals the incident THz frequency. Unfortunatly, due to unprecedented challenges the interaction of THz radiation with diode laser experiment was not successful.

Interaction of Terahertz Radiation with Semiconductor Lasers

Crafts, Hobbies & Home

Gwaro, Jared Ombiro

Home Improvement & Design

The main topic of this thesis is the influence of the dielectrophoretic (DEP) force on a thermal convection in a cylindrical annulus under microgravity conditions of parabolic flights. To perform these experiments a specialized experimental setup was designed. The annulus is differentially heated to create a temperature gradient and an ac voltage of up to 10kV is applied. Two different experiment setups were build for different measurement methods. One for Shadowgraph and Synthetic Schlieren methods and the other for PIV measurements. Several complex flow patterns can be identified by combining the resulting images from both visualization mthods. The heat transfer is determined under different experimental conditions. Under the given conditions it is possible to make a correlation between the flow patterns and the level of the convective heat transfer. The experimental data is compared to theoretical data from a linear stability analysis. The patterns predicted by the can also found in the experiments.

Flow control of thermal convection using thermo electro hydrodynamic forces in a cylindrical annulus

Jongmanns, Marcel

Systemin is a small peptide with important functions in plant wound response signaling. To elucidate systemin perception and signal transduction mechanisms, a phosphoproteomic profiling study was performed to reconstruct a systemin-specific kinase/phosphatase signaling network. Time course analyses revealed early events at the plasma membrane, such as dephosphorylation of H+-ATPase, and the phosphorylation of NADPH-oxidase and Ca2+-ATPase in response to systemin. Later responses included transient phosphorylation of small GTPases and vesicle trafficking proteins, as well as transcription factors. Based on a correlation analysis of systemin-induced phosphorylation profiles, substrate candidates for 44 systemin-responsive kinases and 9 phosphatases were predicted, some of which are involved in a regulatory circuit for the regulation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase. In this regulatory model, H+-ATPase LHA1 is rapidly de-phosphorylated at its C-terminal regulatory residue T955 by phosphatase PLL5, resulting in the alkalization of the growth medium within two minutes of systemin treatment. LHA1 is re-activated by MAP-Kinase MPK2 later in the systemin response. A valuable resource of proteomic events involved in the systemin signaling cascade is provided with a focus on the prediction of substrates to early systemin-responsive kinases and phosphatases.

Phosphoproteomics Analysis of the Systemin Signaling Pathway

Ahmad, Fatima Haj

Biological Sciences

Electrochemical energy conversion technologies are often seen as key components for the transition to an economy that is powered by renewable energy sources. Knowledge-based design and systematic improvement of electrochemical processes is only possible if the underlying reaction kinetics are well understood. This work is based on the hypothesis that a combination of dynamic electrochemical methods, in-operando techniques, and simulations is a feasible and advantageous way towards the determination of electrochemical reaction kinetics. To demonstrate advantages of such a combined approach, four model systems are studied. Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) data and electrochemical data is used to parameterise physical models of the CO and methanol electrooxidation. The second part covers bioelectrochemical reactions. The first DEMS results on acetate oxidation in electrochemically active biofilms are presented, and storage mechanisms for charge as well as substrate are quantified. Furthermore, conversion pathways and rate constants in bioelectrochemical glycerol oxidation are investigated. In conclusion, it is demonstrated that the identification of electrochemical macrokinetics benefits significantly from the application of dynamic techniques, concentration measurements, physical simulation models.

Identification of electrochemical reaction kinetics by dynamic methods

Kubannek, Fabian

Angular momentum transport and pattern formation in medium- and wide-gap turbulent Taylor-Couette flow

Froitzheim, Andreas

Physics

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