The United States is engaged in an ambitious agenda of defense transformation that is revolutionizing the way the U.S. military organizes, trains, fights, and even thinks about conflict. What impact will this have on America's European allies? How can NATO transform itself for the 21st century? This volume examines the implications of U.S. defense transformation for NATO, particularly how America and its allies can close the "transatlantic transformation gap"—a looming breach in strategic orientation, spending priorities, and conceptual and operational planning and training. It examines European approaches to defense transformations and charts the progress made by the Alliance from Kosovo to Kabul—while showing how far it still has to go. The authors approach the issue of NATO transformation from different perspectives. As a whole, however, their argument is straightforward. If Alliance transformation is to be successful it must include, but also go beyond, the purely military dimension. NATO must transform its scope and strategic rationale, its capabilities, its partnerships—its very ways of doing business. They offer a range of policy prescriptions for the NATO Summit in Istanbul and beyond. Contributors include Richard L. Kugler, Rob de Wijk, George Robertson, Yves Boyer, Jeffrey P. Bialos, Andrew James, Hans Binnendijk, Manfred Engelhardt and Stuart L. Koehl.

Transatlantic Transformations: Equipping NATO for the 21st Century

Business & Money

Accounting

Center for Transatlantic Relations SAIS

In 2000, the Advent of Vicente Fox Quesada to the presidency of Mexico promised to change the course of Mexican foreign policy. It would open the country to outside influences and engage the nation in a new activism on the international scene. Mexico's new voice would be heard at the United Nations in support of international human rights and multilateralism. It would resonate at the Organization of American States to forge an area of democracy, durable peace and security in the western hemisphere. Mexico would seek to inject a new vision and a new sense of purpose in its relationship with the US, and work with the European Union to foster or enhance both common goals and Mexico's own development agenda. Mexico's experiment is of particular interest for some of its innovative characteristics. In its attempt to break with its isolationist past, Mexico enlisted support from the international community to help the country through its transition to democracy, and to anchor it to the evolving security debate in the post-September 11th 2001 environment. Beyond the Border and Across the Atlantic chronicles crucial choices and defining moments of Mexico's unique experiment in the international foreign and security arena, and describes President Fox's fascinating roller-coaster of successes and failures on the multilateral and bilateral scene.

Beyond the Border and Across the Atlantic: Mexico's Foreign and Security Policy Post-September 11th

Politics & Social Sciences

Bondi, Loretta

Politics & Government

In the wake of the transatlantic crisis over Iraq, are Americans and Europeans ready to forge a future together? Can the grand project of European integration be reconciled with a strategic reorientation of the transatlantic relationship to a global agenda? Or are Europeans and Americans destined to drift apart? The Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation asked prominent authors from both sides of the Atlantic to look beyond tensions over Iraq to deeper trends affecting the relationship. This collection of their views provides a balanced and thoughtful look at the challenges ahead in transatlantic relations. Contributors include Samuel Brittan (Financial Times), Chester A. Crocker (Georgetown University), Konstanty Gebert (Gazeta Wyborcza and Midrasz), Guillermo de la Dehesa (CEPR), Philip H. Gordon (Brookings Institution), Eduardo Marçal Grilo (Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation), Daniel S. Hamilton (Center for Transatlantic Relations), François Heisbourg (Fondation pour la Recherche Strategique), C. Randall Henning (American University), Paul Kennedy (Yale University), Fyodor Lukyanov (Russia in Global Affairs), Alain Minc (AM Conseil), Raúl Morodo (Universidad Complutense de Madrid), Jorge Sampaio (president of Portugal), Emílio Rui (Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation).

Conflict and Cooperation in Transatlantic Relations

Hamilton, Daniel S.

One of the most dangerous deficits facing transatlantic relations today is not in trade, payments, or military capabilities. It is a deficit in understanding the vital stake Americans and Europeans have developed in the health of their economic relationship. Globalization is happening faster and reaching deeper between Europe and America than between any other two continents. The transatlantic economy generates roughly $3.5 trillion in total commercial sales a year and employs over 12 million workers in mutually "insourced" jobs. This book maps the increasingly dense web of investment, trade, and jobs that connects Europe's regions to America's states. It traces the impact of NAFTA and EU enlargement on transatlantic economic flows. It tracks intercontinental "connectivity" in the new knowledge economy, and it sets forth areas in which Europe and America continue to be global pathfinders. In the context of today's debates about globalization and transatlantic drift, this book offers some unanticipated and counterintuitive connections that have important policy implications.

Partners in Prosperity: The Changing Geography of the Transatlantic Economy

Quinlan, Joseph P.

Economics

The enormous influence of technology on the conduct of modern warfare has been made obvious by recent conflicts in the Balkans, Afghanistan, and Iraq. Because current defense research and development (R&amp;D) spending is a leading indicator of future defense technology, it is significant that Europe's investment in defense R&amp;D is only one fourth that of the United States. The "R&amp;D gap" continues to expand as the pace of U.S. spending accelerates while that of Europe remains flat. Moreover, the impact of European defense R&amp;D is dissipated through fragmentation and duplications of effort in parallel national programs. The contributors to this volume consider the implications of this situation for tomorrow's European defense capabilities. They predict how the R&amp;D gap could affect the future of transatlantic relationships and discuss the effectiveness of current efforts to rectify the problems. The book also discusses the prospects for expanded cooperation in defense research and development between the United States and its European allies. Contributors include Klaus Becher (European Union's Institute for Security Studies and Knowledge and Analysis LLP), Kenneth Flamm (Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, University of Texas at Austin), Masako Ikegami (Center for Pacific Studies, Stockholm University), Jeffrey P. Bialos (Center for Transatlantic Relations, Johns Hopkins University – SAIS), David Gould (UK Defense Procurement Agency), Andrew James (University of Manchester, UK), Staffan Nasstrom (Swedish Defense Material Administration), Yves Boyer ( Fondation pour la Récherche Stratégique), Stuart Koehl (Center for Transatlantic Relations).

European Defense Research & Development: New Visions & Prospects for Cooperative Engagement

Engineering & Transportation

Engineering

Europeans have long sought to form "an ever closer union" through the European Union and its predecessors. Can a closer union be based on the constitutional treaty signed at the June 2004 summit meeting? What will it mean for Americans? This volume offers perspectives on these questions as it reviews the process by which the treaty was concluded, compares it to the American constitution, and discusses the treaty's prospects for passage. Contributors include Stefan Fröhlich (University of Erlangen-Nuremberg), Stephen Breyer (associate justice, U.S. Supreme Court), Robert Cottrell (Financial Times), Esther Brimmer (Center for Transatlantic Relations), Günter Burghardt (Delegation of the European Commission to the U.S.), and Lamberto Dini (senator, Republic of Italy).

The European Union Constitutional Treaty: A Guide for Americans

History

Europe

Enlargement will change the nature of the European Union, but how will it affect international affairs? The EU and its member states command significant economic resources and have launched a Common Foreign and Security Policy. Yet the demands of taking on ten new countries, concluding a constitutional treaty to accommodate decisionmaking, and dissipating acrimony after the war in Iraq, all complicate efforts to develop and enhance the EU's international presence. This book considers the impact of enlargement with respect to the EU's perception of its international role in specific geographical regions. The contributors discuss a range of global issues, including the environment, food policies, development, terrorism, and the use of force. Contributors include Stefan Fröhlich (University of Erlangen-Nuremberg), Hanna Ojanen and Kristi Raik (Finnish Institute of International Affairs), Ulrike Guerot (German Marshall Fund Berlin Office), Stanislaw Tekieli (Center for Eastern Studies, Warsaw), Michael Leigh (European Commission Directorate General for External Affairs), Henri Barkey (Lehigh University), Anne-Marie LeGloannec (Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Internationales, Foundation Nationale des Sciences Politiques), Stanislav Tkachenko (St. Petersburg University), Nicolae Idu (European Institute of Romania), Ulrich Weisser, Esther Brimmer, Chantal de Jonge Oudraat, and David Michel, (Center for Transatlantic Relations, Johns Hopkins –SAIS), Daniel Gros (CEPS), Angel Ubide (Tudor Investments), Patrick Cronin (CSIS), and Antonio Missoroli (EU Institute for Security Studies).

The Strategic Implications of European Union Enlargement

The European Union has expanded from 15 to 25 countries, with more candidates knocking on the door. This new diversity both enriches the EU and challenges its cohesion. Is a bigger EU a better EU? Where does "Europe" end? The Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation asked prominent authors from EU nations and important neighbors to examine the implications and consequences of European Union enlargement. The New Frontiers of Europe offers a range of views on the opportunities and challenges posed by these historical changes. Contributors include: Jean-Louis Bourlanges, Boris Cizelj, Antione Compagnon, Therese Delpech, Ragip Duran, Michael Emerson, Yegor Gaidar, Laszlo Halpern, Daniel S. Hamilton, Josef Jarab, Antonio Monteiro, Jiri Pehe, Jorge Sampaio, Roxanne Silberman, Jean-Claude Trichet, Emilio Rui Vilar, and Michael P. Zuckert.

The New Frontiers of Europe: The Enlargement of the European Union: Implications and Consequences

Developing common or complementary approaches to what Europeans call societal security and what Americans call homeland security is a major priority for the transatlantic community in 21st century. Threats such as terrorism, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, regional conflict, state failure, and organized crime require a committed transatlantic partnership in order to be successful. Five European country case studies are offered here, along with implications for the United States. This book is the result of a collaborative effort between the Center for Transatlantic Relations and Johns Hopkins University – SAIS in Washington, D.C., the Swiss Center for Security Studies at ETH Zurich; and Crismart at the Swedish National Defence College. Contributors include Axel Hagelstam (National Emergency Supply Agency, Finland), Stein Hendriksen (Norwegian Directorate of Civil Protection and Emergency Planning), Jan-Philipp Kessler (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Jan Metzger (Zurich State Department of Economy), Thomas Pankratz (Austrian Ministry of Defense), and Anu Sallinen (Finnish Defense Staff).

Protecting the Homeland: European Approaches to Societal Security-Implications for the United States

Social Sciences

In this book U.S. and European experts explore possible roles for armed services, intelligence services, and the private sector in homeland security in different countries. The contributors examine lessons learned from transformation programs for homeland security, analyze evolving conceptions of security, and suggest a joint road map for immediate and long-term policy action at national, European, and transatlantic levels. Contributors include Sandra Bell (Homeland Security and Resilience Department, RUSI), Heiko Borchert (Dr. Heiko Borchert and Co. and Dusseldorf Institute for Foreign and Security Policy, DIAS),Yves Boyer (Fondation pour la Recherche Stratégique), Anja Dalgaard-Nielsen (Danish Institute for International Studies), Gerd Foehrenbach (Bundeswehr Center for Transformation), BG Gustav Gustenau (Austrian Ministry of Defense), Daniel Hamilton (Center for Transatlantic Relations), Lawrence J. Korb (Center for American Progress), Gustav Lindstrom (European Union Institute for Security Studies), Pauline Neville-Jones (QinetiQ Group plc and the UK's Information Assurance Advisory Council), and Alexander Schuller (Free University-Berlin).

Transforming Homeland Security: U.S. and European Approaches

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