Creasy's most famous work, the Fifteen Battles, reveals much about 19th century white-supremacist European sentiment, being laced with explicit references to the deplorable barbarism and immorality of non-Europeans. Indeed, the reason Creasy gives for the significance of most of the fifteen battles, is the very fact that they denied Middle Eastern / Far Eastern people groups access to European soil. For example, Attila the Hun's defeat at Chalons, defeat of the Moors at Tours, Babylonian defeat at Arbella, Defeat of Hasdrubel at Metaurus, other Carthaginian defeats in Mediterranean and the first battle Creasy describes, Marathon. Coming as he does, just before Darwin, Creasy's world-view is notably one of 'enlightenment', and he sees Europe as the origin of civilization. His logic is ephemeral, as he ascribes the Christian Gospel as a gift to Europe, which she alone could deserve. He shares with most Post-Waterloo, 19th century writers the illusion that world peace has been achieved by enlightened Man. Ranging from Marathon to Waterloo, this 1851 classic of military history chronicles the battles that changed the course of history. It ranks among the most influential, popular histories ever published, and generations of students and historians have appreciated its gripping, authoritative analyzes of  battles at Tours, Hastings, Saratoga, and elsewhere.

Fifteen Decisive Battles Of The World

Edward Shepherd Creasy

Cedar Lake Publications

Advancement Of Learning

Francis, Bacon

"The Wealth of Nations" by Adam Smith lays the foundations of modern economics without the formalization which would come later. Adam Smith starts by exploring the need for specialization of labor once societies advance beyond the hunter gatherer phase, making the natural assumption that each individual pursues their best interests. Smith then foreshadows the concepts of marginal utility and scarcity in determining the shapes of demand curves for commodities. Similarly, he describes the three factors determining supply prices for commodities (rent of land, wages and capital costs ) and the various factors which influence them (the equivalent of modern supply/demand curves for each factor ). Smith then puts these together under ideal circumstances to show how supply and demand meet to clear markets (equilibrium in modern language). "The Wealth of Nations" covers macroeconomics, laying the foundations for GDP and showing how capital can be distributed to unproductive and productive labor. "The Wealth of Nations" also explores the consequences of various distribution of each from both the micro and macroeconomic perspective. Adam Smith concludes by emphasizing the importance of government in providing international and domestic security as well as providing public works and institutions especially education. Naturally this requires state revenue and he devotes almost one entire "book" to taxes. Smith also delves briefly into political economy especially mercantilism and its detrimental effects to society at large. "The Wealth of Nations" is a great introduction to modern economics which explains the motivation for many modern economic concepts which are too often lost today.

Wealth Of Nations

Adam, Smith

"Letters of a Woman Homesteader" is a frontier classic by Elinore Pruitt Stewart, a widowed young mother who accepted an offer to assist with a ranch in Wyoming. In Stewart's delightful collection of letters, she describes her homesteading experiences to her former employer, Mrs. Coney. Stewart's charming descriptions of work, travels, neighbors, animals, land and sky have an authentic feel. The West comes alive, and everyday life becomes captivating. Stewart's writing is clear, witty, and entertaining. Clear as a bell, concise yet comprehensive, replete with localisms and skillfully rendered frontier humor, it makes one want to toss the PC and reference library into the trash and move to some unspoiled wilderness. The 26 letters are brief and tell about her life on the ranch in the early 1900s. The author frequently and unnecessarily apologizes for being too wordy; she begs forgiveness for many "faults," like being forgetful, ungrateful, inconsistent and indifferent, all without apparent cause. On occasion, language reflects the racial prejudice of the time. Many times in "Letters of a Woman Homesteader" Stewart attempts to portray the culturally diverse characters she meets by writing their various dialects as they sound. After enjoying this book, readers will be equipped with a whole new view of not only life in the early 20th century but of the impact woman had on it.

Letters Of A Woman Homesteader

Elinore Pruitt Stewart

This legendary book by Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo explains, in detail and with his famous style, how judges make decisions. Asked "What is it that I do when I decide a case? To what sources of information do I appeal for guidance?," Cardozo answered in timeless prose. This book is still read today by lawyers and judges, law students and scholars, historians and political scientists, and philosophers--anyone interested in how judges really think and the many decisional tools they employ. Already famous at the time for his trenchant and fluid opinions as a Justice on New York's highest court (he is still studied on questions of torts, contracts, and business law), and later a Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, Cardozo filled the lecture hall at Yale when he finally answered the frank query into what judges do and how do they do it. The lectures became a landmark book and a source for all other studies of the ways of a judge.

Nature Of The Judicial Process

Benjamin Cardozo

Mary Kingsley's "Travels in West Africa" has become a classic, and deservedly so. Her story is remarkable. In the 1890s, unmarried and no longer having to care for her parents, Kingsley decides she should travel in "the tropics" and sets off for "West Africa" (i.e., the West coast of Central Africa). She travels as a scientist, collecting fish specimens, and finances her travels by trading along the way--but mostly she travels for the love of adventure and to satisfy an appetite for the unknown. "Travels in West Africa" is a treasure trove of information about Atlantic-coast Central Africa in the late 1800s. The last third of "Travels in West Africa" consists of three long chapters on fetish customs. Although she lacks a systematic view of the role of fetishes and other spiritual tokens in the cultures she met, her depiction of their impact on everyday life and on funeral customs is enlightening. She delves into the afterlife beliefs of the peoples she encountered; in many of these cultures today, the beliefs she relates are still expressed in a form of syncretistic Christianity. But beyond its historic and sociological value, the book is just wonderful. Mary Kingsley's descriptions are vivid, her insights interesting, and her understated humor is a joy. Anyone with a love of exploration and a good story would enjoy "Travels in West Africa." Mary Kingsley's account of her experiences, suffused with an infectious good humor, was published to immediate success in 1897 and remains a compelling tale of adventure.

Travels In West Africa

Mary H. Kingsley

The South Pole by Roald Amundsen tells the story of the author's trek to the Antarctic region. Roald Amundsen led the first expedition to reach the South Pole, on December 14, 1911. His account, entitled The South Pole: An Account of the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition in the Fram, 1910-1912, tells how the team endured frostbite, snow blindness, and other horrors to reach their destination. Roald Amundsen planted the Norwegian flag on the South Pole on December 14, 1911, a full month before Robert Falcon Scott arrived on the same spot. Amundsen's book is a riveting first-hand account of a truly heroic expedition. The journey to the South Pole remains Roald Amundsen's masterpiece, the culmination of the classical age of Polar exploration and, perhaps, the greatest snow journey ever made.

South Pole

Roald Amundsen

An extremely humorous play written by one of Ireland's most famous playwrites. George Bernard was born in Dublin in 1856. Before becoming a playwright he wrote music and literary criticism. Shaw used his writing to attack social problems such as education, marriage, religion, government, health care, and class privilege. Shaw was particularly conscious of the exploitation of the working class. Arms and the Man tells the story of an overmedicated pompous Judge named Fred Willard. This kangaroo court contains foreign affairs, love, and bigotry. The defendant has the key to peace between Israel and Palestine, but his plans will fail unless he can get court to adjourn.

Arms And The Man

george-bernard-shaw

The Physics by Aristotle  is one of the foundational books of Western science and philosophy. It is a collection of treatises or lessons that deal with the most general (philosophical) principles of natural or moving things, both living and non-living, rather than physical theories (in the modern sense) or investigations of the particular contents of the universe. The chief purpose of the work is to discover the principles and causes of (and not merely to describe) change, or movement, or motion (kinesis), especially that of natural wholes (mostly living things, but also inanimate wholes like the cosmos). In the conventional Andronichean ordering of Aristotle's works, it stands at the head of, as well as being foundational to, the long series of physical, cosmological and biological treatises, whose ancient Greek title, means "the [writings] on nature" or "natural philosophy".

Physics

Aristotle, Aristotle

George Whitefield (1714–1770) was an Anglican Protestant minister who helped spread the Great Awakening in Britain and, especially, in the British North American colonies. He was one of the founders of Methodism and of the evangelical movement generally. He became perhaps the best-known preacher in Britain and America in the 18th century, and because he traveled through all of the American colonies and drew great crowds and media coverage, he was one of the most widely recognized public figures in colonial America. Whitefield preached his first sermon in the Crypt Church in his home town of Gloucester a week after his ordination. He had earlier become the leader of the Holy Club at Oxford when the Wesley brothers departed for Georgia. He adopted the practice of Howell Harris of preaching in the open-air at Hanham Mount, near Kingswood, Bristol. In 1738, before going to America, where he became parish priest of Savannah, Georgia he invited John Wesley to preach in the open-air for the first time at Kingswood and then Blackheath, London. After a short stay in Georgia he returned home in the following year to receive priest's orders, resuming his open-air evangelistic activities. In 1739 Whitefield began raising funds in England for the establishment of the Bethesda Orphanage, which is the oldest extant charity in North America. On returning to North America he preached a series of revivals that came to be known as the Great Awakening of 1740. He preached nearly every day for months to large crowds of sometimes several thousand people as he traveled throughout the colonies, especially New England. His journey on horseback from New York City to Charleston was the longest then undertaken in North America by a white man. Like his contemporary and acquaintance, Jonathan Edwards, Whitefield preached with a staunchly Calvinist theology that was in line with the "moderate Calvinism" of the Thirty-nine Articles. While explicitly affirming God's sole agency in salvation, Whitefield would freely offer the Gospel, saying near the end of most of his published sermons something like: "Come poor, lost, undone sinner, come just as you are to Christ."

Selected Sermons Of George Whitefield

George, Whitefield

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