Mechanochemical transformations are the subject of increasing attention in solid state chemistry, physics and materials science as well as in development of advanced technologies. They have been discussed at a number of symposia on mechanochemistry and mechanical alloying in various countries. The International Mechanochemical Association organised the 1st International Conference on Mechanochemistry (InCoMe'93) held on March 23-26, 1993 in Kosice, Slovak Republic. More than 100 contributions from 17 countries were presented. The proceedings consist of two volumes: Vol 1 - Fundamentals and models of mechanically stimulated processes; Mechanically induced changes in the structure and properties; Vol 2 - Mechanochemical reactions and mechanical alloying; Technological aspects of ultrafine grinding and mechanical activation. The lectures included: Mechanochemical activation of solids (V V Boldyrev, Russia), Surface Mechanochemistry of Crystalline Solids (E Gutman, Israel), Mechanochemical Effects of Ultrasound (K S Suslick, USA), Mechanical Alloying in Materials Science (E Ivanov, USA), Mechanochemical Activation of Solid Particles Through Fine Grinding (I J Lin, Israe), Mechanical Activation of Solid Surfaces with Well Defined Stress Conditions (M Senna, Japan), Role of Mechanical Activation in Preparation of Catalysts (U Steinike, Germany), Nonequilibrium Phase Transformations of Intermetallic Compounds by Ball Milling (H Bakker, Holland), Correlations Between Energy Transfer and End Products in Mechanical Alloying (M Magini, Italy), Mechano-electrochemistry and Corrosion of Metals (V Gutman, Austria), Analogue Mathematical Description of Mechanical Activation (K Tkacova, Slovakia),Mechanism of Mechanochemical Synthesis in Oxide Systems (G R Karagedov, Russia), Mechanical Alloying of Iron and Boron Powders (V A Barinov, Russia), Effect of Mechanical Activation on Dissociation of Magnesite (V Jesenak, Slovakia), etc.

The Occupational Stress Index: An Approach Derived from Cognitive Ergonomics and Brain Research for Clinical Practice

Science & Math

Belkić, Karen

Chemistry

Cambridge International Science Publishing Ltd

Ferrous Powder Metallurgy

Isalak, Andrej

Physics

The authors examine the processes of interaction of coherent radiation with solids, physical relationships governing lasing in dielectric crystals and glasses, activated by luminescent impurities. Solid-state lasers on crystals and glass are used most extensively in science and technology, because of their compact form, durability and a number of unique radiation parameters. To widen the range of application of solid-state lasers, it is necessary to improve the technology of producing new solid-state active media and develop highly efficient methods of controlling laser radiation. The monograph describes the theoretical fundamentals of modelling stochastic processes in interaction of coherent electromagnetic radiation with solids and principles of statistical nonlinear dynamics of lasing in solid-state lasers. Physical mechanisms of methods of controlling the radiation of solid-state lasers, methods of pulse synchronisation and stabilisation and optimisation of the parameters of solid-state lasers to generate powerful monochromatic radiation are discussed. Generalisation of the vast amount of often unique experimental data on the physics of solid state lasers is of fundamental importance for developing new laser and information technologies.

Physics of Solid State Lasers

Antsiferov, V V

Smirnov, G I

The book contains the results of investigations of electro-physical, chemical, gas-dynamic and other processes in low-temperature plasma and their diagnostics. Both conventional spectral and optical methods of diagnostics and new and laser methods are examined, together with electrostatic probes for investigating rarefied and dense plasma, especially in the presence of chemical reactions. Problems of probe calorimetry of plasma flows are investigated and approaches to measuring the spatial and time characteristics of plasma outlined. Procedural problems of processing experimental data and automating diagnostic experiments are discussed.

Plasma Diagnostics

In the monograph, the first of this type in the world, the authors discuss systematically the current state of investigations into nanocrystalline materials. The experimental results on the effect of the nanocrystalline state on the microstructure and the mechanical, thermophysical, optical, and magnetic properties of metals, alloys and solid-phase compounds are generalised. Special attention is given to the main methods of production of isolated nanoparticles, ultrafine powders and dense nanocrystalline materials. The dimensional effects in isolated nanoparticles and high-density nanocrystalline materials are discussed in detail, and the important role of the interface in the formation of the structure and properties of dense nanocrystalline materials is shown. The modelling considerations, explaining special features of the structure and anomalous properties of substances in the nanocrystalline condition, are analysed.

Nanocrystalline Materials

Gusev, A I

Rempel, A A

Considerable advances have been made in mechanochemistry in the last couple of decades. Training of experts in this field with a background in materials science, chemical and mechanical engineering, etc. requires study of the fundamentals of mechanochemistry. There is a need for a textbook in the general and compressed form which would cover many aspects and would be used as a basis for understanding the fundamental principles to control mechanochemical phenomena. This textbook is based on lectures given by Prof Gutman in a graduate course in the mechanochemistry of materials at the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. The book contains examples of experimental results to illustrate the mechanochemical phenomena and technologies.

Mechanochemistry of Materials

Gutman, E M

A need has been felt for quite some time for a textbook exclusively on powder metallurgy technology for students as well as practising engineers. There are books on scientific aspects of powder metallurgy, but details of technological aspects are not available. The emphasis has been not to treat the present book as a handbook, but as a handy textbook. The existing books either deal with the subject too elaborately or leave out some of the recent but important technological developments. Although this is essentially a textbook, it is presented it in such a way that it will also be of use to designers and engineers in a variety of fields. The author has not included details of sintered alloys and products in order to contain the book within reasonable proportions. These topics shall be discussed by the author in another future publication. The boundary between powder metallurgy and ceramic technology is gradually getting difficult to be drawn. With this in view, the book can be of use to ceramic engineering students as well. The detailed outline of various chapters in the book is given in Chapter 1 (Introduction). The overview of the subject has sufficient breadth for an introductory course while providing enough depth to prepare a student for further study.

Powder Metallurgy Technology

Upadhyaya, G. S.

The underlying philosophy of this one semester undergraduate text shall be to take this seemingly abstract material and make it understandable and interesting to the student. In this text, a brief review of vectors will be initially given in Chapter 1 so the student is comfortable with the notation in the text and has an intuitive grasp of the gradient, divergence and curl operations along with the divergence and Stokes' theorems. Generalized coordinates are used since the resulting derivations follow more naturally. Static electric and magnetic fields are reviewed in Chapter 2. This review makes use of the knowledge that was gained in the introductory physics courses. Chapter 3 introduces various mathematical and numerical techniques that are frequently employed to solve problems in electromagnetics. This includes an introduction to the method of separation of variables. Since most electrical and computer engineering students possess a degree of computer literacy and usually have access to personal or larger computers in their education today, these techniques can be employed throughout the course. In this text, we emphasize the use of MATLAB owing to its wide availability in educational institutions and its ease of use. Students usually have also encountered MATLAB in other courses so the learning curve for this useful tool is not very steep. Several programs that can be directly used or easily modified are included throughout the text. Chapter 4 of the text develops Maxwell's equations, Poynting's theorem, and the boundary conditions. Electromagnetic waves follow in Chapter 5. An extended description of the concept of waves using intuitive physical examples precedes the discussion ofelectromagnetic waves. The multiple reflection of two plane electromagnetic waves between two infinite parallel conducting surfaces introduces the topic of waveguides. The propagation of electromagnetic waves is also described in Chapter 6 where transmission lines are discussed. Circuit models are employed so the student can expand upon the abilities that have already been gained in previous courses in circuit theory. In addition, we show how the control systems subprogram SIMULINK which is a part of MATLAB can be used to perform 'experiments' on the transmission line model. The radiation of electromagnetic waves from first principals is discussed in Chapter 7. Important parameters of antennas are introduced also in this chapter.

Electromagnetics with Matlab

Lonngren, Karl E.

The book is intended for undergraduate and graduate students of Mathematics, Engineering, Social Sciences in general. Professionals and researchers of those fields may also use it as a reference and find the book useful. It is one of the principal branches of Mathematics. The contents are arranged in such a way that a beginner can easily grasp the material step by step. The theories are made lucid through illustrated examples. No prerequisite is necessary for sequential study of the materials, except some preliminary knowledge of calculus for the Calculus part of the book. The 'Generalized Inverse' is essential for undergraduate and graduate study in Statistics, Numerical Analysis, Engineering, Physics and other Social Sciences of most of the institutions of the world. Chapter 1 is on fundamental definitions. It interlinks matrix and linear algebra, tests definiteness of matrices and includes special definitions. Chapters 2 and 3 deal with 'Basic algebraic operations'. 'Square matrices' including some more square matrices normally not available in other texts comprise Chapter 3. Submatrix and partitioned matrix with distinction are in Chapter 4. Chapter 5 includes other matrix operations like Kronecker sums, products, etc., which is normally beyond the contents of many texts. Chapter 6 is on determinants which includes a new method of expansion developed by the author, comparison of methods, the determinant of the product of square and rectangular matrices, factorization of determinants, definiteness tests of matrices, etc., as special features. Chapter 7 is on simultaneous linear algebraic equations with the construction of magic squares. In Chapter 8, the author establishes theproperties of the cofactor matrix, proofs of some properties of the adjoint matrix from the cofactor matrix and introduces classical methods of inversion of nonsingular matrices. Chapter 9 is on elementary operations and matrices similar to other texts with the collection of different symbols from different texts. The material of Chapter 10 is the rank and nullity of a matrix with the development of the Gerstein algorithm from 88's journal and introduces definiteness tests in terms of rank and signature. Chapters 11 and 12 introduce 'Vector Spaces' with the idea of various vector spaces in practice and 'Linear Transformation' with best available collections of materials. Chapters 13 and 14 are on 'Eigenvalues and eigenvectors' and 'Canonical Forms and Matrix Factorization' and include some results available in journals only and not in any texts. Chapter 15 describes linear, bilinear and quadratic forms in details. Chapter 16 to 18 on 'Norms and Measures of Matrices', 'Matrix Calculus' and 'Generalized Inverse' mostly dependent on journal articles and not available in texts of matrices and linear algebra.

Matrix: Algebra, Calculus and Generalized Inverse

Hazra, A K

Mathematics

The machinability of powder metallurgy steels is lower compared with wrought steels of appropriate composition and/or mechanical properties. This is due to a larger number of material and processing variables affecting the final properties of sintered materials. The aim of the book is to present knowledge for an overview of all interacting factors in machining, including those applied for improving machinability. They include the properties of basic plain iron and alloyed powders, various additions, compacting and sintering conditions. The effect of porosity, individual alloying elements and microstructure is considered.

Machinability of Powder Metallurgy Steels

Engineering & Transportation

Selecka, Salak M

Selecka, M

Danninger, H

Engineering

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