This booklet is going out of print and will no longer be available from the publisher after June 30, 2007. It was expanded and rewritten into chapter 12 of "Legal History of the Color Line," ISBN 0939479230.

The Invasion of Spanish Florida

Frank W. Sweet

Backintyme

The Longstreet Controversy

The world's most famous sailboat, who gave her name to the America's Cup Regatta, became a Confederate blockade-runner in the war. She was sunk in Dunn's Creek, near Palatka, Florida, then refloated to become a Union blockader. This is her story.    This booklet is going out of print and will no longer be available from the publisher after June 30, 2007. It was re-published in its entirety as Chapter 3 of "Six Gems of Forgotten Civil War History," ISBN 0939479028.

The America: War Service of a Racing Yacht

This booklet is going out of print and will no longer be available from the publisher after June 30, 2007. It was re-published in its entirety as chapter 6 of the collection "Six Gems of Forgotten Civil War History," ISBN 0939479028.

The Evolution of Indirect Fire

No spokesperson of the movement to abolish government sponsorship of the "race" notion has been more eloquent than A.D. Powell. She aims her barbs at Americans of all complexions who insist upon the one-drop rule. She is the nemesis of those who advocate the uniquely American notion that there is no such thing as a White person with African ancestry—that such a person is, at best, a “light-skinned Black.” Powell believes that the one-drop rule ignores science, crushes tolerance, and mocks the American Dream. And yet it is advocated by liberals, and its enforcement is demanded by most Black leaders. She argues that coercing someone’s ethnic choice is tyranny. This collection of essays on multiracialism originally appeared in Interracial Voice magazine.

"Passing" for Who You Really Are: Essays in Support of Multiracial Whiteness

Politics & Social Sciences

Powell, A. D.

Social Sciences

Every Year, 35,000 Black-Born Youngsters Redefine Themselves as White. About 1/3 of "White" Americans have detectable African DNA. Genealogists were the first to learn that America's color line leaks. Black researchers often find White ancestry. White genealogists routinely uncover Black ancestry. Molecular anthropologists now confirm Afro-European mixing in our DNA. The plain fact is that few Americans can truly say that they are genetically unmixed. Yet liberals and conservatives alike agree that so-called Whites and Blacks are distinct political "races." When did ideology triumph over reality? How did America paint itself into such a strange corner? Americans changed their concept of "race" many times. Eston Hemings, Jefferson's son, was socially accepted as a White Virginian because he looked European. Biracial planters in antebellum South Carolina assimilated into White society because they were rich. Intermarried couples were acquitted despite the laws because some courts ruled that anyone one with less than one-fourth African ancestry was White, while others ruled that Italians were Colored. Dozens of nineteenth-century American families struggled to come to grips with notions of "racial" identity as the color line shifted and hardened into its present form. This 542-page book tells their stories in the light of genetic admixture studies and in the records of every appealed court case since 1780 that decided which side of the color line someone was on. Its index lists dozens of 19th-century surnames. It shows that: The color line was invented in 1691 to prevent servile insurrection. The one-drop rule was invented in the North during the Nat Turner panic. It was resisted by Louisiana Creoles, Florida Hispanics, and the maroon (triracial) communities of the Southeast. It triumphed during Jim Crow as a means of keeping Whites in line by banishing to Blackness any White family who dared to establish friendly relations with a Black family. This analysis of the nearly 300 appealed court cases that determined Americans' "racial" identity may be the most thorough study of the legal history of the U.S. color line yet published.

Legal History of the Color Line: The Rise and Triumph of the One-Drop Rule

History

Sweet, Frank W

Americas

The Bhagavad-Gita in Black and White: From Mulatto Pride to Krishna Consciousness

Charles Michael Byrd

Philosophy

A Genealogical Quest in the Triracial South "I never met a Johnson cousin until I was forty-seven, the year I met dozens." -- K. Paul Johnson What began as genealogical research into the author's ancestry soon grew into a fascinating tale with lessons for us all. Among his ancestors, Johnson uncovered: unpunished murderers, infidelities that produced stronger families than formal marriages, entire units of North Carolinians who fought and died to preserve the Union in the Civil War. The tale holds enough plot twists for a half-dozen novels. But most of all, it reveals in a personal way what molecular anthropologists have been trying to explain all along. The fact is that we are all of multiple ancestries. Inhabitants of the New World are a genetic mix of three great populations, Native Americans, European colonists, and African slaves. Nowhere is this more vivid than in Pell Mellers, the story of one man's search for his tangled roots. "Johnson's quest to understand his father becomes a discerning and sensitive historical inquiry that roots the near-present organically in the remote past. Johnson's deeply personal search for his own roots illuminates surprising, forgotten ways of life in a fascinating part of the South." -- Melvin Patrick Ely, author of Israel on the Appomattox "This fascinating memoir about the Pell Meller community of northeastern North Carolina reads like a murder mystery. What has been murdered is the truth about their ancestry, and Paul Johnson sets out bravely to discover the corpse, the murderer, and the motives. This book is a must-read for anyone interested in the many isolated southeastern groups with odd names, like the Redbones and the Melungeons, who descend from our nation's earliest settlers, in all their ethnic diversity." -- Lisa Alther, author of Kinfolks: Falling Off the Family Tree "In Paul Johnson's engaging journey into his roots in Bertie County, North Carolina, he discovers an intriguing family of pocosin dwellers who personify the South's multiracial heritage and its political minorities, including Unionists and the original Buffalo Soldiers. Pell Mellers is a solid contribution to the history of the "other South" that complements the well-traveled mainstream, illustrating our rich and textured past." -- Lindley S. Butler, author of Pirates, Privateers, and Rebel Raiders of the Carolina Coast

Pell Mellers: Race and Memory in a Carolina Pocosin

Johnson, K. Paul

Black Soldiers, North and South Northerners, southerners, slaves, freedmen, free-born men, Union men, Confederates, men who wanted to fight but were not allowed, men forced to fight unwillingly, and everyone in-between. Everything that you ever wanted to know about African-American combat soldiers in the American Civil War, in one low-priced volume. Learn the social, cultural, and educational differences between African-American northerners and southerners, which most histories treat as one ethnicity. See their differences in the light of military recruitment. The Army quickly learned that the motivations and hopes of middle-class African Americans from Boston, New York, and Philadelphia differed from those of freedmen or slaves in the South. Northern men of color saw the benefits of American citizenship that lay potentially within their grasp. Patriotic service was key to attaining their goal, but disputes over type of service, commissions, and pay kept many out of the ranks. Southern Blacks did not have such grandiose ideals. Recruitment in the occupied South relied on their dream of basic freedom, desire for vengeance against former masters, and the chance to improve their standing and self-respect through education and government service. The main obstacle in the South was threat of lethal reprisal by civilians. "A deeply important study of how African Americans’ daily lives affected their perception of military service and, in turn, how their treatment (or mistreatment) by the Army ricocheted back on their day-to-day lives." -- Frank W. Sweet, author of Legal History of the Color Line

A Call to Arms: The Realities of Military Service for African Americans During the Civil War

Dorsey, Christopher

The Life and Times of a Civil War Reenactor

Pierce, Dr. Clifford

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