All people, in no matter what culture, must be able to place their music firmly in the context of the totality of their beliefs, experiences, and activities, for without such ties, music cannot exist. This means that there must be a body of theory connected with any music system - not necessarily a theory of the structure of music sound, although that may be present as well, but rather a theory of what music is, what it does, and how it is coordinated with the total environment, both natural and cultural, in which human beings move.The Flathead Indians of Western Montana (just over 26,000 in number as of the 2000 census) inhabit a reservation consisting of 632,516 acres of land in the Jocko and Flathead Valleys and the Camas Prairie country, which lie roughly between Evaro and Kalispell, Montana. The reservation is bounded on the east by the Mission Range, on the west by the Cabinet National Forest, on the south by the Lolo National Forest, and on the north by an arbitrary line, approximately bisecting Flathead Lake about twenty-four miles south of Kalispell. The area is one of the richest agricultural regions in Montana, and fish and game are abundant. The Flathead are engaged in stocking, timbering, and various agricultural enterprises.For the Flathead, the most important single fact about music and its relationship to the total world is its origin in the supernatural sphere. All true and proper songs, particularly in the past, owe their origin to a variety of contacts experienced by humans with beings which, though a part of this world, are superhuman and the source of both individual and tribal powers and skills. Thus a sharp distinction is drawn by the Flathead between what they call "make-up" and all other songs. Merriam's pioneering work in the relationship of ethnography and musicology remains a primary source in this field in anthropology.

Ethnomusicology of the Flathead Indians,

Arts & Photography

Merriam, Alan P.

Music

Aldine Publishing

The scientific study of human evolution and culture is about a hundred years old. This volume surveys its achievements and methods. The contributions "point to the horizons of increasing understanding of man, his evolution and his social setting, as seen by a rising generation of scholars."The book includes chapters on how man gradually became different from other primates-on the origin and nature of language and its contribution to our peculiarities as human beings. It surveys the long history of human culture and societies and the theories about their similarities and differences; it discusses human equality and inequality, and it considers, from the anthropologist's point of view, economics, politics, law, religion, medicine, and the arts.In recent decades the various branches of anthropology-physical, cultural, psychological, and social-have become more specialized, and each branch is increasingly linking itself to its appropriate cognate, biological, psychological, or social sciences. Yet there remains a central common field to anthropology, as the science of man, for practitioners in all its branches. This book develops that common interest and deals with the specific problems of various parts of the field. The book brings out the basic nature of anthropology and the extraordinary fascination that lies in the systematic study of the exuberant variety of human societies and customs.

Horizons of Anthropology, 2nd Edition

Politics & Social Sciences

Anthropology

Health, Medicine, Psychology, Public Health

The analytic situation;: How patient and therapist communicate

Medical Books

Ruitenbeek, Hendrik Marinus

Psychology

This book has been written for those who must work with and give care to the dying. Our discussion is not simple narrative or description; it is a "rendition of reality," informed by a rather densely woven and fairly abstract theoretical scheme. This scheme evolved gradually during the course of our research. The second audience for this volume is social scientists who are less interested in dying than they are in useful substantive theory. Our central concern is with the temporal aspects of work. The theory presented here may be useful to social scientists interested in areas far removed from health, medicine, or hospitals. The training of physicians and nurses equips them for the technical aspects of dealing with illness. Medical students learn not to kill patients through error, and to save lives through diagnosis and treatment. But their teachers put little or no emphasis on how to talk with dying patients; how-or whether-to disclose an impending death; or even how to approach the subject with the wives, husbands, children, and parents of the dying. Students of nursing are taught how to give nursing care to terminal patients, as well as how to give "post-mortem care." But the psychological aspects of dealing with the dying and their families are virtually absent from training. Although physicians and nurses are highly skilled at handling the bodies of terminal patients, their behavior to them otherwise is actually outside the province of professional standards. Much, if not most, nontechnical conduct toward, and in the presence of, dying patients and their families is profoundly influenced by "common sense" assumptions, essentially untouched by professional or even rational considerations or by current advancement in social-psychological knowledge. The process of dying in hospitals is much affected by professional training and codes, and by the particular conditions of work generated by hospitals as places of work. A third important consideration in interpreting dying as a temporal process is that dying is a social as well as a biological and psychological process. The term "social" underlines that the dying person is not simply leaving life. Unless he dies without kin or friends, and in such a way that his death is completely undiscovered his death is recorded. His dying is inextricably bound up with the life of society, however insignificant his particular life may have been or how small the impact his death makes upon its future course. This aspect of dying is treated in relationship to what the authors call "status passage." Time for Dying is an illumination of the temporal features of dying in hospitalsûas related both to the work of hospital personnel and to dying itself as a social process. Barney G. Glaser is the founder of the Grounded Theory Institute in Mill Valley, California, and has also been a research sociologist at the University of California Medical Center, San Francisco. He is the author or coauthor of several books, including The Grounded Theory Perspective II and Experts versus Laymen: A Study of the Patsy and the Subcontractor, published by Aldine Transaction. Anselm L. Strauss (1916-1996) was emeritus professor of sociology at the University of California, San Francisco. He was the author of numerous books, including Professions, Work and Careers, Mirrors and Masks: The Search for Identity, and Creating Sociological Awareness: Collective Images and Symbolic Representations, all published in new editions by Transaction.

Time for Dying

Barney, G. Glaser

Anselm, L. Strauss

Social Sciences

Physicians are not alone in their concern with stress. Other professionals, such as psychologists and social workers, invoke stress to explain social pathology, for example, alcoholism, suicide, and drug abuse. They are joined by additional individuals in implicating stress in the development of disease. Indeed, conventional wisdom has long noted that to worry, be tense, or take things hard, is to increase one's vulnerability to disease.Sol Levine and Norman A. Scotch argue that whether the focus upon stress is in its origins and its management, or upon its relationship to individual pathology and behavior, it is necessary to appreciate its complexity and its various dimensions. In particular, they discuss and answer the following common questions: To what extent do various work and organizational settings engender stress for various occupants? To what degree does upward and downward social mobility create stress? What are the effects of family disruptions―death, divorce, or desertion―upon the psychological state of the individual?This book presents a clear and comprehensive picture of the phenomena encompassed within the conceptual rubric of stress and to explicate such specific levels or dimensions as the sources of stress, its management, and its consequences. The contributors are top researchers from the fields of sociology, anthropology, psychology, and medicine. They include Sydney H. Croog, Edward Gross, Barbara Snell Dohrenwend, Bruce P. Dohrenwend, Richard S. Lazarus, Andrew Crider, John Cassell, E. Gartly Jaco, James E. Teele, Robert Scott, and Alan Howard. The work concludes with a statement by the editors summarizing the data and themes that are presented throughout the work. This work should be read by all individuals. In particular, it will be invaluable for sociologists, psychologists, and professional social scientists.

Social stress

Self-Help

Sol, Levine

Stress Management

Human Behavior in the Social Environment: A Social Systems Approach

anderson, ralph e. & carter, irl

Moving Organizations: How to use agile transformation to make your business crisis-proof

Business & Money

Frank Boos

Management & Leadership

Solutions not problems: How thinking and acting in a solution-oriented manner can change your life

Marcus Stobbe

Personal Transformation

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