In 2019, Islamic State lost its last remaining sliver of territory in Syria, and its Caliph, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, was killed. These setbacks seemed to herald the Caliphate's death knell, and many now forecast its imminent demise. Yet its affiliates endure, particularly in Africa: nearly all of Islamic State's cells on the continent have reaffirmed their allegiance, attacks have continued in its name, many groups have been reinvigorated, and a new province has emerged. Why, in Africa, did the two major setbacks of 2019 have so little impact on support for Islamic State? The Islamic State in Africa suggests that this puzzle can be explained by the emergence and evolution of Islamic State's provinces in Africa, which it calls "sovereign subordinates". By examining the rise and development of eight Islamic State "cells", the authors show how, having pledged allegiance to IS Central, cells evolved mostly autonomously, using the IS brand as a means for accrual of power, but, in practice, receiving relatively little if any direction or material support from central command. Given this pattern, IS Central's relative decline has had little impact on its African affiliates--who are likely to remain committed to the Caliphate's cause for the foreseeable future.

The Islamic State in Africa: The Emergence, Evolution, and Future of the Next Jihadist Battlefront

History

Warner, Jason

Africa

Oxford University Press

HARD-CORE JUMP ROPING FOR EXTREME FITNESS You certainly jumped rope as a kid, but you probably didn't realize this fun activity is also a kickass workout for shredding all the major muscles—arms, legs, butt, abs, shoulders and chest. With this book, you turn a simple jump rope into a power tool to: • Build muscle • Boost endurance • Amplify explosive power • Improve agility • Enhance overall fitness From beginning tips on proper form and picking the right rope to advanced tricks like double unders and knee tucks, Ultimate Jump Rope Workouts will teach you to jump like a pro and get in the best shape of your life.

Ultimate Jump Rope Workouts: Kick-Ass Programs to Strengthen Muscles, Get Fit, and Take Your Endurance to the Next Level

Health, Fitness & Dieting

Stewart, Brett

Exercise & Fitness

Ulysses Press

BUILD MASSIVE MUSCLES Follow the day-by-day plan in this book and you will finally achieve the body you’ve always wanted. Packed with clear charts and helpful photos, this book has everything you need to bulk up: •Easy-to-follow workouts •Step-by-step lifting instructions •Meal plan for maximum muscle growth The 7 Weeks to 10 Pounds of Muscle program takes less than 2 hours per week and requires just three simple ingredients: a can-do spirit, a carefully crafted exercise routine and a solid nutritional regimen. Offering field-tested programs and delicious muscle-building recipes, 7 Weeks to 10 Pounds of Muscle shows how quickly you can get strong and sculpted.

7 Weeks to 10 Pounds of Muscle: The Complete Day-by-Day Program to Pack on Lean, Healthy Muscle Mass

Sports & Outdoors

TAKE YOUR WORKOUT TO THE NEXT LEVEL Pairing weights with the BOSU® Balance Trainer’s unique unstable platform is the ideal way to get in shape, burn fat and develop powerful, lean muscles. The lifting builds and sculpts primary muscles, while the balancing tones secondary and supporting muscles for maximum results. This book’s unique program draws on the unbeatable combination to super-charge your workout with highly effective exercises: • FLYS while lying on the dome to target your chest and shred your core • CURLS while balancing on the flat side to build biceps and tone your legs • Deep-knee SQUATS with an overhead bpress to work every muscle group Packed with dozens of fully illustrated, easy-to-follow exercises, as well as day-by-day workout programs for beginners, weekend warriors and elite athletes, Weights on the BOSU® Balance Trainer is the ultimate guide to quickly transforming your body.

Weights on the BOSU® Balance Trainer: Strengthen and Tone All Your Muscles with Unstable Workouts

UPGRADE YOUR WORKOUT Combining plyometrics, intense circuit training, weight lifting and bodyweight exercises, this book’s revolutionary programs guarantee to help you achieve a fit, toned body and peak overall fitness. The step-by-step workouts produce astounding results: •Dramatically increased power •Incredible endurance •Packed-on lean muscle •Reduced body fat Whether your goal is to drop extra weight, shave minutes off a race time or finally get ripped abs, this book is the workout partner that will push you to your full potential.

Functional Cross Training: The Revolutionary, Routine-Busting Approach to Total Body Fitness

In 2019, Islamic State lost its last remaining sliver of territory in Syria, and its Caliph, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, was killed. These setbacks seemed to herald the Caliphate's death knell, and many now forecast its imminent demise. Yet its affiliates endure, particularly in Africa: nearly all of Islamic State's cells on the continent have reaffirmed their allegiance, attacks have continued in its name, many groups have been reinvigorated, and a new province has emerged. Why, in Africa, did the two major setbacks of 2019 have so little impact on support for Islamic State? The Islamic State in Africa suggests that this puzzle can be explained by the emergence and evolution of Islamic State's provinces in Africa, which it calls 'sovereign subordinates'. By examining the rise and development of eight Islamic State 'cells', the authors show how, having pledged allegiance to IS Central, cells evolved mostly autonomously, using the IS brand as a means for accrual of power, but, in practice, receiving relatively little if any direction or material support from central command. Given this pattern, IS Central's relative decline has had little impact on its African affiliates--who are likely to remain committed to the Caliphate's cause for the foreseeable future.

The Islamic State in Africa: The Emergence, Evolution, and Future of the Next Battlefront

Politics & Social Sciences

Cummings, Ryan

Nsaibia, Héni

O'Farrell, Ryan

Politics & Government

C. Hurst & Co. Publishers Ltd.

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