Heinrich Caro (1834-1910) was the inventor of new chemical processes that in the two decades commencing in 1869 enabled BASF of Ludwigshafen, Germany, to take first place among manufacturers of synthetic dyestuffs. The cornerstones of Caro's success were his early training as calico (cotton) printer in Germany, and his employment at a chemical firm in Manchester, England. Caro was a creative research chemist, a highly knowledgeable patent specialist and expert witness, and a brilliant manager of science-based chemical technology. This first full-length scientific biography of Heinrich Caro delineates his role in the emergence of the industrial research laboratory, the forging of links between academic and industrial chemistry, and the development of modern patent law. Major chemical topics include the rise of classical organic chemistry, collaboration with Adolf Baeyer, artificial alizarin and indigo, aniline dyes, and other coal-tar products, particularly intermediates.

Heinrich Caro and the Creation of Modern Chemical Industry (Chemists and Chemistry, 19)

Biographies & Memoirs

Travis, Anthony S.

Reinhardt, Carsten

Professionals & Academics

Springer

This is a detailed historical reinterpretation of the most remarkable science-based activity of the nineteenth century, that of inventing coal tar-based synthetic dyestuffs, and of devising new routes to dyes previously obtained from natural sources, such as roots and leaves. These pursuits upturned existing traditions in the preparation and use of dyes, and created a new, and broader, tradition in which scientific knowledge became a powerful tool in the growth and control of technology.Cited frequently, but analyzed rarely, the rise of the synthetic dyestuffs industry and the nature of its technology have, until the present work, remained poorly understood. This has led to the perpetuation of several misconceptions, such as the belief that the industry was wholly science-based from the start.This book uses hitherto unexplored aspects of social context, education, and the demand for new products, to show how one of the overriding factors in the introduction of science to industry was the need for organized science to justify itself. Once chemists recognized that there existed a wealth creating industry based on manipulation of the much-studied coal tar products, they were provided with the long-cherished springboard from which to enhance their discipline and their careers. The consequence was mutual reinforcement of chemical science and dye-making and dye-using technologies, as the former solved puzzles posed by the latter.The fledgling industry adopted different styles of organization in Britain, France, Germany, and Switzerland. The greatest accomplishments in the manipulation of the technology, and in the marketing of new products, were made by German companies. Arrangements over patents assisted the transfer of technology from Britain to Germany and led to the formation of cartels with international factors. This tight and effective means of control ensured the profits that enabled invention to become a feature of the industrial process.This work is essential reading for anyone interested in the origins of the present-day West European chemical industry or the beginnings of modern corporate organization in industrialized nations.

The Rainbow Makers: The Origins of the Synthetic Dyestuffs Industry in Western Europe

Science & Math

Technology

Lehigh Univ Pr

My Life in Travel: Letters to My Three Grandsons

With wartime schooling in New Zealand, postwar schooling in Wales, and later University in England's smog-bound Manchester, Travis had already travelled 14,000 miles by his 14th birthday! From studying a new and experimental 5 year Hons. Degree course in Town & Country Planning, his career was to lead on to developing 'Planning for Tourism' as an even newer professional field. After a town planning career, climaxing in his first Planning Chair in Edinburgh, and then a later Urban Studies Research Chair in Birmingham, plus a Visiting Chair in Tourism -in Glasgow, he made a worldwide contribution. From Consulting for the European Union, the UN World Tourism Organisation, and the Pacific Area Travel Association - in places as varied as Poland, the Maldives, Michigan, and the Algerian Sahara, Travis has also lectured overseas regularly. In over 50 years of work, the stability has been given by his wife and family, aided by a global village of friends. A rich life that he can muse about in his 80's!

Travel

Xlibris

Nitrogen Capture: The Growth of an International Industry (1900–1940)

Chemistry

<p>This monograph provides an account of how the synthetic nitrogen industry became the forerunner of the 20th-century chemical industry in Europe, the United States and Asia. Based on an earlier SpringerBrief by the same author, which focused on the period of World War I, it expands considerably on the international aspects of the development of the synthetic nitrogen industry in the decade and a half following the war, including the new technologies that rivalled the Haber-Bosch ammonia process. Travis describes the tremendous global impact of fixed nitrogen (as calcium cyanamide and ammonia), including the perceived strategic need for nitrogen (mainly for munitions), and, increasingly, its role in increasing crop yields, including in Italy under Mussolini, and in the Soviet Union under Stalin. The author also reviews the situation in Imperial Japan, including the earliest adoption of the Italian Casale ammonia process, from 1923, and the role of fixed nitrogen in the industrialization of colonial Korea from the late 1920s. Chemists, historians of science and technology, and those interested in world fertilizer production and the development of chemical industry during the first four decades of the twentieth century will find this book of considerable value.  </p>

<p>Heinrich Caro (1834-1910) was the inventor of new chemical processes that in the two decades commencing in 1869 enabled BASF of Ludwigshafen, Germany, to take first place among manufacturers of synthetic dyestuffs. The cornerstones of Caro's success were his early training as calico (cotton) printer in Germany, and his employment at a chemical firm in Manchester, England. Caro was a creative research chemist, a highly knowledgeable patent specialist and expert witness, and a brilliant manager of science-based chemical technology. This first full-length scientific biography of Heinrich Caro delineates his role in the emergence of the industrial research laboratory, the forging of links between academic and industrial chemistry, and the development of modern patent law. Major chemical topics include the rise of classical organic chemistry, collaboration with Adolf Baeyer, artificial alizarin and indigo, aniline dyes, and other coal-tar products, particularly intermediates.</p>

Heinrich Caro and the Creation of Modern Chemical Industry (Chemists and Chemistry)

Erets Ha-ḥalomot

Benjamin Shapell Family Manuscript Foundation

Sifriyah Ha-leʼumit (israel)

National Library Of Israel]

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