This book looks at how health systems in Europe reacted to pressure created by the financial and economic crisis of 2008.

ECONOMIC CRISIS, HEALTH SYSTEMS AND HEALTH IN EUROPE: IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY

Education & Teaching

Thomson, Sarah

Jowett, Matthew

Evetovits, Tamás

Schools & Teaching

Open University Press

Amazing Whales! (I Can Read Book 2)

SCHOLASTIC INC. @

This eclectic collection of poetry explores the fragility and impermanence of all that is precious in this world - ourselves, our loved ones, our homes, our familiar places, our countries and more generally life on planet earth and beyond. Considers the challenge of achieving a balance between holding onto and honouring the past and letting it go to enable us to live well in the present and value what we have in the here and now. Acknowledges the need to endure struggles, accept our mortality and embrace both endings and new beginnings with hope. All expressed in a variety of forms - Villanelle, Fibonacci, Pantoums, Triolets, Concrete, Specular and free verse.

Before it's too late

Literature & Fiction

Poetry

Hedgehog Poetry Press

In the summer of 2018 the story broke of the mistreatment of members of the Windrush generation. As a consequence of the government's attempts to reduce immigration, it transpired that British subjects had been wrongly deported and detained, lost their jobs and homes, and were denied benefits and medical treatment. This story precipitated a poetry conversation. Nigel Kent and Sarah Thomson took the UK Government's creation of a 'Hostile Environment' and created a poetry conversation as beautiful and it is hard hitting, shining a stark light on a shameful episode in Britain's history.

A Hostile Environment (Conversations)

Kent, Nigel

History & Criticism

In comparative studies of health care, the United Kingdom's health care system continues to be categorized in terms of public finance and public provision. However, over 11% of the United Kingdom population has private medical insurance (PMI), and PMI is an important contributor to the United Kingdom's health economy (the market being worth almost £3 billion a year). This study provides an introductory overview of an often-ignored and significantly under-researched area. The study is structured according to the three key dimensions of the market for PMI: the product, demand and supply. It also includes a short appendix on the market for health cash plans--an alternative form of private cover for medical expenses with relatively broad take-up. The Introduction provides a classification of forms of voluntary health insurance (VHI) and locates PMI within the wider United Kingdom health care system.

Private Medical Insurance in the United Kingdom (Observatory Studies Series, 6)

Medical Books

Mossialos, Elias

McGuire, A.

Foubister, T.

Administration & Medicine Economics

World Health Organization

Health care systems across the European Union face a common challenge: the high cost of health care. Governments strive to ensure that cost pressures do not undermine values such as universal coverage and equitable financing and access.Focusing on the three health care financing functions: collection, pooling and purchasing, as well as on coverage, this book analyzes the organization of health care financing in the Member States of the European Union, discusses the principal financing reform trends of recent years, and assesses their capacity to help ensure fiscal sustainability.The book includes a useful annex detailing the health care financing systems of each of the 27 Member States of the European Union. It will inform the deliberations of policy and decision-makers, both within and beyond the European Union, faced with reconciling rising costs with equitable and sustainable health care.

Financing Health Care in the European Union: Challenges and Policy Response (Observatory Studies Series, 17)

Mossialos, E.

No two markets for voluntary health insurance (VHI) are identical. All differ in some way because they are heavily shaped by the nature and performance of publicly financed health systems and by the contexts in which they have evolved.This volume contains short, structured profiles of markets for VHI in 34 countries in Europe. These are drawn from European Union member states plus Armenia, Iceland, Georgia, Norway, the Russian Federation, Switzerland and Ukraine. The book is aimed at policy-makers and researchers interested in knowing more about how VHI works in practice in a wide range of contexts.Each profile, written by one or more local experts, identifies gaps in publicly-financed health coverage, describes the role VHI plays, outlines the way in which the market for VHI operates, summarizes public policy towards VHI, including major developments over time, and highlights national debates and challenges.The book is part of a study on VHI in Europe prepared jointly by the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies and the WHO Regional Office for Europe. A companion volume provides an analytical overview of VHI markets across the 34 countries.

Voluntary Health Insurance in Europe: Country Experience (A EURO Publication)

Business & Money

Sagan, Anna

Insurance

If public resources were unlimited, there would be no gaps in health coverage and no real need for VHI. However, most health systems face fiscal constraints and VHI is often seen as a way to address these pressures. This study draws from the experiences of 34 countries to assess VHI's contribution to health spending and to understand its role in Europe and in relation to publicly financed coverage. It looks at who sells VHI, who purchases it and why. It also reviews public policy towards VHI at national and EU levels and the related national policy debates. The analysis shows that while the different markets for VHI vary considerably in size, operation and regulation the vast majority are small. Where there are substantial markets these tend to be the oldest ones, having a tradition of non-profit insurers, and to be the most heavily regulated to ensure VHI policies are accessible and affordable. The study also suggests that VHI is normally a better way of meeting population health needs than out-of-pocket payments, although there are notable exceptions. VHI can contribute to financial protection, especially where it plays a substitutive and complementary role covering co-payments. However, it is a complex, challenging and highly context-specific policy instrument that may undermine other health system goals, including equitable access, efficiency, transparency and accountability, even where markets are well regulated. Policy-makers should therefore exercise real caution before expanding VHI to fill coverage gaps.. This volume and its companion set of country profiles were developed jointly by the Observatory's LSE hub and the WHO Regional Office for Europe. The study draws on contributions from national experts from the EU, EFTA and other countries in Europe.

Voluntary Health Insurance in Europe: Role and Regulation (A EURO Publication)

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