This classic study examines the deployment of U.S. naval vessels in European and Near Eastern waters from the end of the Civil War until the United States declared war in April 1917. Initially these ships were employed to visit various ports from the Baltic Sea to the eastern Mediterranean and Constantinople (today Istanbul), for the primary purpose of showing the flag. From the 1890s on, most of the need for the presence of the American warships occurred in the eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea. Unrest in the Ottoman Empire and particularly the Muslim hostility and threats to Armenians led to calls for protection. This would continue into the years of World War I. In 1905, the Navy Department ended the permanent stationing of a squadron in European waters.
From then until the U.S. declaration of war in 1917, individual ships, detached units, and special squadrons were at times deployed in European waters. In 1908, the converted yacht Scorpion was sent as station ship (stationnaire) to Constantinople where she would remain, operating in the eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea until 1928. Upon the outbreak of World War I, President Woodrow Wilson ordered cruisers to northern European waters and the Mediterranean to protect American interests. These warships, however, did more than protect American interests. They would evacuate thousands of refugees, American tourists, Armenians, Jews, and Italians after Italy entered the conflict on the side of the Allies.

American Sea Power in the Old World: The United States Navy in European and Near Eastern Waters, 1865-1917 (Contributions in Military Studies)

History

Still, William

Luvaas, Jay

Military

Praeger Pub Text

Still's Underground Rail Road Records: With a Life of the Author

Still's Underground Rail Road Records: With A Life Of The Author

Franklin Classics

Firsthand accounts of the operation of the Underground Railroad, which helped slaves to escape to Canada, compiled and recorded by a black leader of the anti-slavery movement

The Underground Railroad (The American Negro: His History and Literature)

Africa

Arno and The New York Times

In the winter of 1852, a group of Philadelphia abolitionists dedicated to assisting runaway slaves in their flight to freedom formed a new assistance group to be part of the Underground Railroad—the General Vigilance Committee. William Still, himself a son of slaves, was named its secretary and executive director. Deeply moved by the stories of the fugitive slaves he helped conduct northward, Still took his committee record-keeping to a higher level. He wrote down, in eloquent narrative form, every detail of their stirring, often heartbreaking histories. Second only to the great Harriet Tubman in the number of freedom-seeking "passengers" he conducted through the Underground Railroad, Still let the words of former slaves speak for themselves. In his journals, he painstakingly reproduced vivid accounts he heard from their very lips. And he added excerpts from letters, newspapers, and legal documents to the already arresting biographical sketches, creating unforgettable portraits of the slaves' deadly struggles, brutal hardships, and narrow escapes. When the Civil War ended and slavery was abolished, William Still published his journals as The Underground Railroad. It is considered the most complete firsthand account ever written of the men, women, and children who rode the legendary "Railroad" to freedom. This edition includes a new Introduction and 20 illustrations from the original publication.

The Underground Railroad: Authentic Narratives and First-Hand Accounts (African American)

Americas

Dover Publications

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Iron Afloat (Studies in Maritime History)

Still, Jr., William N.

University of South Carolina Press

Fugitive slaves relate their personal experiences during their flight to freedom, in authentic accounts of the underground railroad operated by the Pennsylvania Anti-slavery Society

The Underground Railroad (Ebony Classics)

Johnson Pub Co Inc

William Still was an African-American abolitionist in Philadelphia, Underground Railroad conductor, prominent businessman, and historian. In 1847, the Pennsylvania Society for the Abolition of Slavery hired him as clerk. With the passage of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, he became Chairman of the Philadelphia Vigilance Committee, which supported and aided fugitives from slavery. William Still recognized the importance of recording slave narratives in order to help reunite families. Between 1850 and the onset of the Civil War, William Still, sometimes with help, interviewed approximately 800 fugitive slaves who were passing through Philadelphia. The longer and more detailed narratives of freedom-seekers are included in this volume, representing the escape experiences of about 150 former slaves. These freedom-seeker narratives also are indexed by location of escape, escape method, and escape destination. Most of the fugitive slaves that escaped with help of the Philadelphia Vigilance Committee came from the District of Columbia and slave-holding coastal states, including Delaware, Maryland, North and South Carolina, and Virginia, but the book also includes accounts of escapes from Mississippi and Missouri.Since most of these escapes came from coastal states, many fugitives reached Philadelphia hidden away on cargo ships. But numerous other escape methods were employed, including small boats, horses and carriages, impersonation, official documents, hidden in boxes and chests, trains, and by walking. Escape destinations included various locations in Canada, England, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania. These personal narratives describe life under slavery, occasionally benign but more often unspeakably cruel, and the often desperate attempts to secure freedom.

Escape from Slavery: Freedom-Seeker Narratives as Told to William Still

Biographies & Memoirs

Historical

Pierian Press

William Still's life has always been linked with Aberdeen. Born, brought up and educated in "the granite city" he has also devoted 45 years to the city centre pastorate of Gilcomston South Church. His ministry has reached out across the nation and the world inspired by a single-minded commitment to the gospel. He is a spokesman and example for those who believe that a faithful and firm stance on the essentials of the faith results in lifestyle changes in individuals who have been influenced by his ministry and witness to the truth of scripture.

Dying to Live (Biography)

Brown, Sheana

Religion & Spirituality

Christian Focus

William Still gave talks to the children of his church for over 45 years. This book is an opportunity to hear and read a selection of these talks.

Talks to the Children

The collected writings of William Still

Rutherford House Books

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Books by Still, William