The medicine of the ancient Egyptians is some of the oldest documented. From the beginnings of the civilization in the late fourth millennium BC until the Persian invasion of 525 BC, Egyptian medical practice went largely unchanged but was highly advanced for its time, including simple non-invasive surgery, setting of bones, dentistry, and an extensive set of pharmacopoeia. Egyptian medical thought influenced later traditions, including the Greeks. Until the 19th century, the main sources of information about ancient Egyptian medicine were writings from later in antiquity. The Greek historian Herodotus visited Egypt around 440 BC and wrote extensively of his observations of their medicinal practice. Pliny the Elder also wrote favourably of them in historical review. Hippocrates (the "father of medicine"), Herophilos, Erasistratus and later Galen studied at the temple of Amenhotep, and acknowledged the contribution of ancient Egyptian medicine to Greek medicine.

Ancient Egyptian Medicine

History

Savona-Ventura, Charles

Middle East

lulu.com

The Order of Saint Lazarus saw its origins as an institution established outside the walls of Jerusalem to care for the victims of leprosy assuming the organization of a Crusader Monastic Order after the First Crusade of 1099. Little is known about its early administration except that the Jerusalem establishment de St Ladre des Mesisus was managed by a maistre who was dependent on the Patriarche de J&#65533;rusalem (presumably the newly established Latin Patriarch in 1099). The earliest information about the administration of the hospitalis infirmorum Sancti Lazari de Jerusalem dates from the early fourteenth century in the form of a manuscript Rule Book held at the Benedictine Nunnery at Seedorf in the Canton of Uri in modern-day Switzerland. This has sections outlining the regulations dating from the twelfth century (before 1187) while the Order was still established in the motherhouse in Jerusalem. Further regulations were promulgated for the local management of the nunnery in the early 15th century.

Die Regŭl deẞ Heiligen Ordens S. Lazari 1314/1321 zu 1418 - The Rules of the Holy Order of S. Lazarus 1314/1321 to 1418

Lulu Press, Inc.

A Chivalric Order requires its members to dress appropriately according to the occasion and according to established current dress regulations defining the percieved unifom of the organization. The Order of Saint Lazarus throughout the ages has included provisions within its statutes to define what the dress code or "uniform" of its members should be. These statutory regulations reflected the percieved charisma or role of the Order within the society it was working in, ranging from enforcing a monkish-style habit for its members in the early centuries, becoming more gentry and eventually military in style as the role of the Order within society changed. The military style generally followed the military dress fashion of the time. This booklet aims to review the history of the development of the Order's dress code, uniforms, and insignia. It further defines the present-day dress regulations with simple instructions on what is appropriate wear in different circumstances.

The Apparel and Uniform of the Order of Saint Lazarus throughout the ages

The book is a dedicated account of the history of medicine practiced in Early Modern Malta when the Islands were managed by the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem. The changing patterns of disease throughout the 16th to 18th centuries and the response to managing these conditions are reviewed. The nook further looks at the legislative efforts introduced to control disease, the educational endeavors undertaken to improve the standards of care, and the social welfare systems adopted to better the lives of the population.

Knight Hospitaller Medicine in Malta [1530-1798]

Europe

The book reviews the history of the Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem originally set up in the wake of the First Crusade in the early decades of the 12th century with the specific aim of helping the victims of Leprosy. It further assumed a military role participating in several military campaigns aimed at opposing the Islamic incursions in the Holy Land. After being expelled from Acre at the end of the 13th century, it established its magistracy in France. Political machinations during the 15-16th century led to the Order being split up into two major fractions - one under the direction of the French Royal house and the other under the direction of the Duke of Savoy. The French Revolution of the 18th century was to see the Order loose its French Royal Protection but retained an identity continuing to direct its philanthropic works in Haifa attracting the attention of the Melkite Patriarchy who assumed the Order's protection. It continues to exist today as an International Organization.

An abridged history of the Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem

Ancient and Medieval Medicine in Malta [before 1600 AD] (Maltese Edition)

Saul of Tarsus in the Island of Melite

The Order of St Lazarus saw its origins as an establishment located outside the walls of Jerusalem serving the needs of victims of leprosy. While its role in society changed as a result of political machinations, it still retained a hospitaller role in the subsequent centuries. This role became more central after the re-organization necessitated by the 18th century French Revolution. In the words of Albert Einstein, it is essential that "If you want to know the future, look at the past." This book reviews the hospitaller activities of the Order throughout the twentieth century with particular emphasis in the last decade. The Order's past strongly reflects the importance of the hospitaller element in the Order's outlook. The hospitaller role has become the main relevant raison d'être of the modern Order and the past achievements should stimulate future efforts to help relieve the suffering of the sick and needy wherever they may be.

The Military & Hospital Order of St Lazarus of Jerusalem: The Office of the Grand Hospitaller: A historical review

Medical Books

Allied Health Professions

Ancient And Medieval Medicine In Malta: Before 1600 Ad

Deals with the contributions to the field made by members of the medical fraternity. The study records how our present knowledge of medicine has been gained and how it is applied to the prevention, control and treatment of disease.

Outlines of Maltese Medical History

Midsea Books

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