Between 1975 and 1984 almost the entire area of the Roman fort of Segedunum in Wallsend was excavated under the direction of Charles Daniels, senior lecturer in the Department of Archaeology at Newcastle University. It is these excavations which form the subject of this publication. This comprehensive report on the structural remains (Vol. 1) and finds (Vol. 2) show clearly that Daniels’ work represented one of the most ambitious and prolonged programs of fieldwork attempted on the northern frontier up to that point and has made Wallsend one of the most fully investigated of Roman forts in Britain. In most areas the remains were not excavated down to natural and so the remains revealed were predominantly those of the 2nd and 3rd centuries, with some late Roman features. Volume 1 describes first the stratigraphic sequences and excavation of the stone and timber buildings of the fort’s central range: the granary, hospital, headquarters (principia), commanding officer’s house (praetorium), the forehall fronting the principia and granary, and a long narrow building, perhaps a workshop, on the north side of the eastern via principalis. In the case of all but the praetorium these buildings were fully exposed. Later chapters cover the buildings in the northern third of the fort, revealed to be a group of six infantry barracks which underwent several phases of rebuilding and refurbishment including partial replacement by a stable block. Parts 4 and 5 examine the cavalry barracks in the southern part of the fort (retentura) and excavations of sections of the fort defenses on all four sides, particularly of discrete structures such as towers and gates.Volume 2, on the predominantly 2nd–3rd century material culture from the site, looks at the stonework, pottery, coins and small finds recovered. The stonework and ceramic building material provides information on the appearance of the fort and include a very rare stone latrine seat and a bench support. The pottery comprises samian, mortaria, including a large collection stamped by Anaus, amphorae and coarse wares. Other classes of artifact occur in comparatively small numbers, including colorless glass tablewares of the second and third centuries, 295 coins and c. 1000 small finds including some post-Roman pieces. Finally there is a detailed assessment of animal bone assemblages from a cistern and the Commanding Officer’s house.Table of ContentsVolume 1Part 1 introduction and discussion1. Introduction2. The history and development of the fort3. Pre-Roman cultivationPart 2 the buildings of the central range4. The granary (Building 7)5. Tthe hospital (Buildings XXI and 8)6. The timber buildings around the granary7. Cistern 1, the assembly area and associated roads8. The Principia (Building 14)9. The Praetorium (Building 13)10. The Forehall (Building AO), central roads and Building 1511. Workshop Building 16 and the eastern Via PrincipalisPart 3 the buildings in the northern part of the fort12. The evidence for timber barracks in the Praetentura13. The second-century stone barracks in the Praetentura14. The third-century buildings in the PraetenturaPart 4 the buildings in the southern part of the fort15. The earlier cavalry barracks in the Retentura16. The chalet-barracks in the RetenturaPart 5 the defences17. The western defences and Hadrian’s Wall18. The northern defences19. The south and east defences20. The defence – an overviewVolume 2Part 6 The finds21. Building material, by A. T. CroomArchitectural fragments and other objects of stoneCeramic building materialOther building material22. The potteryThe samian ware, by B. Dickinson Introduction, by A. T. CroomThe mortaria, by A. T. Croom  The mortaria stamps, by K. F. HartleyThe amphora, by A. T. Croom  The amphorae stamps, by R. McbrideThe coarse wares, by A. T. Croom and P. T. Bidwell23. The vessel glass and graffitiThe vessel glass, by D. AllenLead sealings and graffiti, by R. S. O. Tomlin24. The coins, by P. J. Casey and R. Brickstock25. The small finds, by L. Allason-JonesSilverCopper alloyIronLeadAntler and boneThe intaglios, by M. HenigJetGlassPotteryTile Stone, with a contribution by C. Waddington ‘Ballista’ balls, by W. B. Griffiths Quernstones, by R. G. WillisThe finds in context, by A. T. CroomThe post-Roman finds  Pottery, by J. Tipper The small finds  The glass, by A. T. Croom Coins, by R. Brickstock26. Metalworking and environmental evidenceMetalworking debris, by l. Allason-JonesThe animal bone, by L. J. GidneyBibliographyIndex

Segedunum: Excavations By Charles Daniels In The Roman Fort At Wallsend (1975-1984)

History

Rushworth, Alan

Croom, Alexandra

Ancient Civilizations

Oxbow Books

Housesteads is one of the most important forts on Hadrian's Wall. Extensive excavations were carried out between 1874 and 1981 by Newcastle University.  Combining the results with those of excavations done between 1959 and 1961 by Durham University, we now have a complete plan of the north-east part of the fort.  These excavations uncovered principally Buildings XIII, XIV and XV, plus stretches of rampartbetween the north and east gates, along with a multitude of features and stratigraphic evidence, revealing not only the sequences but also large finds assemblages.  In addition to shedding much light on the material culture of the fort's occupants and the structural and chronological relationships between various parts of the fort, limited reinvestigation of Building XIV and excavatin of the east end of Building XV enabled significant reinterpretation of the original conclusions reached by the Durham investigators, including some redating of structures. These excavations uncover the full 300-year period during which the fort formed an integal part of the Roman military frontier, for much if not all of that time the base of the cohors I Tungrorum milliaria peditat.  This report documents the excavations and gives full finds reports, and the analysis of the evidence has enabled the authors to provide a full history of this part of the fort.  Volume 1 is entitled Structural Report and Discussion Volume 2 is entitled The Material Assemblages

Housesteads Roman Fort - The Grandest Station: Volumes 1 and 2 (Archaeological Reports)

Historic England

The frontiers of the Roman Empire form the largest surviving monument of one of the world's greatest states, and stretch for around 7500 km through 20 countries. The remains of these have been studied for many centuries. Inscriptions, sculpture, weapons, pottery and artefacts created and used by the soldiers and civilians who lived on the frontier form the basis for this history and are outlined in this book. The physical remains of the frontiers are also visible in many parts of Africa, including towers and forts, stretches of defensive lines of stone and earth with ditches broken by gates, and roads. The aim of this book is to inform the interested visitor about the history of the frontiers and to act as a guidebook as well.Multi-language edition: English, French, German & Arabic

Frontiers of the Roman Empire: the African Frontiers (English, French and German Edition)

Arts & Photography

Mattingly, Prof David J.

Sterry, Martin

Leitch, Victoria

History & Criticism

Society for Libyan Studies

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