As many as 15,000 covered bridges were built in North America over the past 200 years. Fewer than 1,000 remain. In America's Covered Bridges, authors Terry E. Miller and Ronald G. Knapp tell the fascinating story of these bridges, how they were built, the technological breakthroughs required to construct them and above all the dedication and skill of their builders. Each wooden bridge, whether still standing or long gone, has a story to tell about the nature of America at the time—not only about its transportation needs but the availability of materials and the technological prowess of the people who built it. North American covered bridges were marvels of engineering long before modern civil engineering was invented. Early American bridge builders developed revolutionary new carpentry methods to join timbers into patterns consisting of triangles or continuous arches that resulted in structures rigid enough to span long distances. These systems, called trusses, were critical to bridge construction of the day and had to be protected from the elements by a roof and siding. Few people today realize that bridges were covered to protect the trusses—not the people using the bridge! The unprotected trusses soon degraded and the bridge would collapse. Illustrated with some 550 historical and contemporary photos, paintings, and technical drawings of nearly 400 different covered bridges, America's Covered Bridges offers five readable chapters on the history, design and fate of America's covered bridges, plus related bridges in Canada. Most of the contemporary photography is by master photographer A. Chester Ong of Hong Kong. 55 photo essays on the most iconic bridges remaining, including: 
<ul>
<li> Cornish-Windsor Bridge between Vermont and New Hampshire</li>
<li> Porter-Parsonsfield Bridge, Maine</li>
<li> East Paden and West Paden (Twin Bridges), Pennsylvania</li>
<li>Philippi Bridge, West Virginia</li>
<li>Hortons Mill Bridge, Alabama</li>
<li>Medora Bridge, Indiana</li>
<li>Rock Mill Bridge, Ohio</li>
<li>Knight's Ferry Bridge, California</li>
<li>Perrault Bridge, Quebec, Canada</li>
<li>Hartland Bridge, New Brunswick, Canada</li>
</ul>Among the featured bridges are two that were destroyed before the book could be published, New York's Blenheim Bridge during a storm and Ohio's Humpback Bridge by arson. The Permanent Bridge in Philadelphia, considered by most as the first covered bridge in America, figures prominently, as do the bridges of Lancaster County—heart of Pennsylvania Dutch country. This compendium of classic Americana includes many of the most astounding and iconic bridges ever built in the United States, including those by Timothy Palmer, Theodore Burr and Lewis Wernwag. Some, like the Columbia-Wrightsville Bridge over the Susquehanna River in Pennsylvania, were a mile long. Over time, wooden bridges eventually gave way to ones made of iron, steel and concrete. An American icon, many covered bridges became obsolete and were replaced—others simply decayed and collapsed. Many more were swept away by natural disasters and fires. America's Covered Bridges is absolutely packed with fascinating stories and information passionately told by two leading experts on this subject. The book will be of tremendous interest to anyone interested in American history, carpentry and technological change.

America's Covered Bridges: Practical Crossings - Nostalgic Icons

History

Terry E. Miller

Ronald G. Knapp

Americas

Tuttle+publishing

Until the 17th century, Professor Knapp reminds us, Taiwan lay obscure off the southeast coast of China. Then, rather abruptly, the island was thrust into the maelstrom of European commercial expansion!

China's Island Frontier Studies in the Historical Geography of Taiwan

Univ of Hawaii

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Books by Ronald G. Knapp