Anyone who has strolled through the halls of a museum knows that portraits occupy a central place in the history of art. But did portraits, as such, exist in the medieval era? Stephen Perkinson’s The Likeness of the King challenges the canonical account of the invention of modern portrait practices, offering a case against the tendency of recent scholarship to identify likenesses of historical personages as “the first modern portraits.”
Unwilling to accept the anachronistic nature of these claims, Perkinson both resists and complicates grand narratives of portraiture art that ignore historical context. Focusing on the Valois court of France, he argues that local practice prompted shifts in the late medieval understanding of how images could represent individuals and prompted artists and patrons to deploy likeness in a variety of ways. Through an examination of well-known images of the fourteenth- and early fifteenth-century kings of France, as well as largely overlooked objects such as wax votive figures and royal seals, Perkinson demonstrates that the changes evident in these images do not constitute a revolutionary break with the past, but instead were continuous with late medieval representational traditions.“A lively, well-researched, and insightful work of scholarship on late-medieval portraiture and its cultural and intellectual context. The Likeness of the King provides a strong account of late-medieval aesthetics and specific, concrete examples of image-making and the often political needs it served. It offers smart handling of literary, philosophical, and archival sources; close and insightful reading of images; and a willingness to counter received ideas.”—Rebecca Zorach, University of Chicago

The Likeness of the King: A Prehistory of Portraiture in Late Medieval France

Arts & Photography

Perkinson, Stephen

History & Criticism

University of Chicago Press

A fascinating exploration of the visual culture of mortality in Renaissance Europe We often imagine the Renaissance as an age of exceptional human progress and artistic achievement. But, intriguingly, macabre images proliferated in precisely this period: unsettling depictions of Death personified, of decaying bodies, of young lovers struck down in their prime. These morbid themes run riot in the remarkable array of artworks featured in The Ivory Mirror. Nearly 200 illustrated artworks—from ivory prayer beads to gem-encrusted jewelry to exquisitely carved small sculptures—present us with an aspect of this era that is at once darker and more familiar than we might have expected. Focused on the challenge of making choices in an increasingly complex and uncertain world, Renaissance artists turned to poignant, often macabre imagery to address the critical human concern of acknowledging death, while striving to create a personal legacy that might outlast it. The essays gathered here discuss the development and significance of this transformative art of the past, while exploring themes that are still relevant today: how does one navigate the implicit tension between mortality and morality and seek to balance individual pleasure with the pursuit of a greater good?

The Ivory Mirror: The Art of Mortality in Renaissance Europe

Bowdoin College Museum of Art

Why does medieval art matter today? This beautifully illustrated book will examine this question through the lens of the magnificent objects in the Wyvern Collection of Medieval and Early Renaissance art, accompanying the collection's first exhibition in the United States. Works include exquisite examples of metalwork, stone and wood sculpture, and illuminated manuscripts from across Europe, as well as the Christian community of Ethiopia. Offering new photography and complementary text, this book will be an essential resource for one of the world's most important private collections of medieval art, and a fascinating read for all interested in the Middle Ages and the role of art history in exploring our world.

New Views of the Middle Ages: Highlights from the Wyvern Collection

Gerry, Kathryn

Lepine, Ayla

Scala

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