Hitler's Justice: The Courts of the Third Reich

A study of the justice system in the Third Reich explores the response of Germany's legal profession to Nazi power

History

Müller, Ingo

Military

Harvard Univ Pr

Europe

Harvard University Press

Physicists firmly believe that the differential equations of nature should be hyperbolic so as to exclude action at a distance; yet the equations of irreversible thermodynamics - those of Navier-Stokes and Fourier - are parabolic. This incompatibility between the expectation of physicists and the classical laws of thermodynamics has prompted the formulation of extended thermodynamics. After describing the motifs and early evolution of this new branch of irreversible thermodynamics, the authors apply the theory to mon-atomic gases, mixtures of gases, relativistic gases, and "gases" of phonons and photons. The discussion brings into perspective the various phenomena called second sound, such as heat propagation, propagation of shear stress and concentration, and the second sound in liquid helium. The formal mathematical structure of extended thermodynamics is exposed and the theory is shown to be fully compatible with the kinetic theory of gases. The study closes with the testing of extended thermodynamics through the exploitation of its predictions for measurements of light scattering and sound propagation.

Extended Thermodynamics (Springer Tracts in Natural Philosophy)

Ruggeri, Tommaso

Computers & Technology

Springer

Experiments with rubber balloons and rubber sheets have led to surprising observations, some of them hitherto unknown or not previously described in the literature. In balloons, these phenomena are due to the non-monotonic pressure-radius characteristic which makes balloons a subject of interest to physicists engaged in stability studies. Here is a situation in which symmetry breaking and hysteresis may be studied analytically, because the stress-stretch relations of rubber - and its non-convex free energy - can be determined explicitly from the kinetic theory of rubber and from non-linear elasticity. Since rubber elasticity and the elasticity of gases are both entropy-induced, a rubber balloon represents a compromise between the entropic tendency of a gas to expand and the entropic tendency of rubber to contract. Thus rubber and rubber balloons furnish instructive paradigms of thermodynamics. This monograph treats the subject at a level appropriate for post-graduate studies.

Rubber and Rubber Balloons: Paradigms of Thermodynamics (Lecture Notes in Physics, 637)

Science & Math

Strehlow, Peter

Physics

Introductory textbook introducing the concept of competition of entropy and energy with various examples.
Thermodynamics textbook explaining the roles of entropy and energy as prime movers of nature.

Entropy and Energy: A Universal Competition (Interaction of Mechanics and Mathematics)

Reference

Geschrieben für Studenten der Ingenieurwissenschaften, der Chemie und der Physik werden in diesem Lehrbuch die thermodynamischen Grundlagen sauber hergeleitet; dazu reichen die Mathematikkenntnisse des Grundstudiums. Das Buch enthält Übungsaufgaben und ist auch zum Selbststudium geeignet. Historische Anmerkungen lockern den Text auf und illustrieren die Begriffe von Temperatur, Energie und Entropie, indem sie deren schwierige Entstehung nachvollziehen. Unter sorgfältiger Herleitung der thermodynamischen Grundlagen behandelt der Autor zahlreiche Anwendungen in der Physik und der Chemie, der Werkstoffkunde, der Wärmeübertragung, der Gasdynamik usw. Die Neuauflage enthält zahlreiche Verbesserungen, behält aber das bewährte pädagogische Gesamtkonzept bei.

Grundzüge der Thermodynamik: mit historischen Anmerkungen (German Edition)

Foreign Language Study & Reference

This book offers an easy to read, all-embracing history of thermodynamics. It describes the long development of thermodynamics, from the misunderstood and misinterpreted to the conceptually simple and extremely useful theory that we know today. Coverage identifies not only the famous physicists who developed the field, but also engineers and scientists from other disciplines who helped in the development and spread of thermodynamics as well.

A History of Thermodynamics: The Doctrine of Energy and Entropy

History & Philosophy

Thermodynamics is the much abused slave of many masters • physicists who love the totally impractical Carnot process, • mechanical engineers who design power stations and refrigerators, • chemists who are successfully synthesizing ammonia and are puzzled by photosynthesis, • meteorologists who calculate cloud bases and predict föhn, boraccia and scirocco, • physico-chemists who vulcanize rubber and build fuel cells, • chemical engineers who rectify natural gas and distil f- mented potato juice, • metallurgists who improve steels and harden surfaces, • - trition counselors who recommend a proper intake of calories, • mechanics who adjust heat exchangers, • architects who construe – and often misconstrue – ch- neys, • biologists who marvel at the height of trees, • air conditioning engineers who design saunas and the ventilation of air plane cabins, • rocket engineers who create supersonic flows, et cetera. Not all of these professional groups need the full depth and breadth of ther- dynamics. For some it is enough to consider a well-stirred tank, for others a s- tionary nozzle flow is essential, and yet others are well-served with the partial d- ferential equation of heat conduction. It is therefore natural that thermodynamics is prone to mutilation; different group-specific meta-thermodynamics’ have emerged which serve the interest of the groups under most circumstances and leave out aspects that are not often needed in their fields.

Fundamentals of Thermodynamics and Applications: With Historical Annotations and Many Citations from Avogadro to Zermelo

Müller, Wolfgang H.

Extended thermodynamics (Springer tracts in natural philosophy)

Springer, Verlag

Rubber and Rubber Balloons: Paradigms of Thermodynamics (Lecture Notes in Physics)

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