As American tanks came to a halt on the Euphrates at the close of the war against Saddam Hussein, President Bush called on the oppressed peoples of Iraq to rise up against their ruler. Thousands of peshmerga (Kurdish guerrillas) responded, seizing the towns and countryside of northern Iraq. But after Saddam signed the truce with the U.N. forces, he sent his surviving units north, slaughtering the lightly-armed Kurds and driving millions more into exile while the Allies stood aside. For the Kurds, it was one more betrayal in their long and tragic history. In No Friends but the Mountains, veteran Middle East journalists John Bulloch and Harvey Morris provide the only history of the Kurdish people available today. Ranging from their earliest origins to the aftermath of the Gulf War, Bulloch and Morris trace the course of the Kurds' past and identify the pressures that have denied them a state of their own for so many centuries. Numbering some sixteen million and spread across five countries, the Kurds are the world's largest nationality without a state--a people divided among themselves in their struggle for independence, the pawns of rival governments throughout history. Bulloch and Morris show how they were exploited by the Turks and the Great Powers in the days of the Ottoman Empire, how the British, French, and the new Turkish republic subverted Woodrow Wilson's promise of a Kurdish state in 1918, and how the Kurds' revolts and insurrections led to further repression. Later the peshmerga guerrillas were funded and manipulated by Saddam Hussein, the Shah of Iran, Israel, and the CIA--while the Turkish government has harshly repressed any signs of Kurdish identity, banning the use of the Kurdish language until only recently. Both Saddam and Khomeini's government sought to use the Kurds to their own advantage during the long Iran-Iraq War. Bulloch and Morris trace the history of the main Kurdish organizations, such as the PKK in Turkey and the KDP in Iraq, underscoring the divisions that are threatening Kurdish survival at a time when the Iraqi army stands poised to attack the "safe haven" established by the U.N. This authoritative, highly readable account details the story of the rebellion, exile, and return that followed the Gulf War, providing a critical historical perspective on these momentous events. Written by two leading Middle East journalists, No Friends But the Mountains offers the first history of the long-suffering people at the center of one of the world's most explosive conflicts.

No Friends but the Mountains: The Tragic History of the Kurds

History

Morris, Harvey

Bulloch, John

Middle East

Oxford University Press

Traces the history of the war between Iran and Iraq, discussing how eight years of apparently futile warfare affected the politics of the Middle East and America's position in the region

The Gulf War: Its Origins, History and Consequences

Asia

William Heinemann, Ltd.

Saddam's War: The Origins of the Kuwait Conflict and the International Response

Drawing on interviews, two journalists trace the origin of the invasion of Kuwait, and analyze security in the Persian Gulf

BULLOCK, John

Faber&Faber

Faber and Faber Ltd.

People love eating brownies. And you're going to love making them with Baked Chicago's Simply Decadent Brownies Cookbook as your guide. Author Harvey Morris shares tried and true - yet unusually decadent - brownie recipes that will turn on the taste buds of your family and friends. These recipes are easy to follow and simple to execute, with each recipe fitting on a single page and without creating a sink full of dirty pots and pans! Your guests will literally squeal with delight when you serve them the Bacon &amp; Salted Caramel Brownies or the Marshmallow Pretzel Crunch Brownies. Your family will beg you to make the Deconstructed S'Mores Brownies or Chipotle Chocolate Brownies for Sunday dinner. And when your significant other tastes the Dark Chocolate &amp; Raspberry Liqueur Brownies, well let's just say you'll be calling the shots. Filled with rich, colorful photographs and invaluable tips (aka Brownie Points), Baked Chicago's Simply Decadent Brownies Cookbook is a collection of deliciously simple recipes that every home cook will turn to again and again. Featured Recipe: Bourbon, Bacon &amp; Pecan Brownies Ingredients6 slices of bacon2 c all-purpose flour1 t salt10 oz dark chocolate, chopped1/2 c pecans, chopped2 T unsweetened cocoa powder1/2 c butter4 eggs1 c granulated sugar1/2 c dark brown sugar3 T bourbonDirections In medium skillet, cook the bacon until crispy. Reserve 1/4 cup of the bacon fat and set aside. Let bacon cool and chop roughly. Set aside. Preheat oven to 350° F. Lightly grease bottom of a 9x9-inch baking pan with butter or shortening. In medium bowl, mix together flour, cocoa powder and salt. Set aside. In large heatproof bowl set on top of small saucepan of simmering water, melt dark chocolate and butter. Stir constantly, until smooth. Remove from heat and cool slightly. With electric mixer on medium-low speed, beat eggs, granulated sugar, and brown sugar until frothy (about 1 minute). Beat in melted chocolate mixture, bourbon and reserved bacon fat. Fold in flour mixture and pecans, just until combined. Spread the batter in the prepared baking pan. Sprinkle bacon on top. Bake for 35 to 40 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted in the center comes out nearly clean. Cool completely, about 1 hour. Cut into 4 rows by 4 rows to make 16 brownies.

Baked Chicago's Simply Decadent Brownies Cookbook

Cookbooks, Food & Wine

Desserts

Baked Chicago

After a million deaths and twice that number injured, after the destruction of much of the infrastructure of Iran and Iraq, disruption of trade throughout the Gulf and the involvement of the USA and USSR, was the Gulf War a pointless exercise, a futile conflict which achieved nothing and left the combatants at the end of it all back in exactly the same position from which they started in 1980? In this book, first published in 1989, the authors argue that the lack of territorial gain was irrelevant: the real advantages won by each side were far more important, intangible though they were. For Iran, the channelling of the energies of her people away from domestic concerns meant the continuation of the Islamic revolution and ensured the stability of the mullahs. In Iraq, the war propped up the increasingly shaky regime of Saddam Hussein. The outside world, especially the superpowers, was terrified of the spread of Muslim fundamentalism, so made no effort to prevent Iraq from trying to halt this spread. But Israel, Saudi Arabia, Syria and the oil states also had vested interests in promoting the continuation of the war.

The Gulf War: Its Origins, History and Consequences (Routledge Library Editions: War and Security in the Middle East)

Reference

Routledge

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