Integrating women into special operations forces poses potential challenges for unit cohesion. The integration of women raises issues of effectiveness, in terms of physical standards and ensuring the readiness, cohesion, and morale essential to high-performing teams. This report assesses those challenges and provides analytical support for validating occupational standards for positions controlled by U.S. Special Operations Command.

Considerations for Integrating Women into Closed Occupations in U.S. Special Operations Forces

Business & Money

Marcellino, William

Robson, Sean

Szayna, Thomas S.

Miyashiro, Lisa

Larson, Eric V.

Eaton, Derek

Syme, James

Matthews, Miriam

Schaefer, Agnes Gereben

Welser IV, William

O'Mahony, Angela

Polich, J. Michael

Ayer, Lynsay

Posard, Marek

Winkelman, Zev

Wright, Cameron

Zander-Cotugno, Megan

Management & Leadership

RAND Corporation

More than a century after its release, The Defence of Duffer’s Drift by Major General Sir Edward Swinton has become a military classic. To support the U.S. Marine Corps and its curriculum for information operations personnel, RAND has adapted the style of that work for a modern-day audience and different problem set. Through a cycle of repeated failure and learning, the narrator and the reader are left with 26 concise lessons.

Dominating Duffer’s Domain: Lessons for the U.S. Marine Corps Information Operations Practitioner

History

Paul, Christopher

Military

Russia employs a sophisticated social media campaign against former Soviet states that includes news tweets, nonattributed comments on web pages, troll and bot social media accounts, and fake hashtag and Twitter campaigns. Nowhere is this threat more tangible than in Ukraine. Researchers analyzed social media data and conducted interviews with regional and security experts to understand the critical ingredients to countering this campaign.

Russian Social Media Influence: Understanding Russian Propaganda in Eastern Europe

Radin, Andrew

Helmus, Todd C.

Mendelsohn, Joshua

Bodine-Baron, Elizabeth

Magnuson, Madeline

Bega, Andriy

Europe

This report defines and describes will to fight and provides a model of unit will to fight that can be applied to ground combat units of any scale. The model provides a research-grounded template for case-by-case adviser assessment of partner or allied military forces and the intelligence analysis of adversary forces. This report also provides a theoretical basis for adding will to fight to military war gaming and simulation.

Will to Fight: Analyzing, Modeling, and Simulating the Will to Fight of Military Units

Castillo, Jasen J.

Posard, Marek N.

Connable, Ben

McNerney, Michael J.

Frank, Aaron

Lander, Natasha

Zimmerman, S. Rebecca

Hargrove, Henry

Sladden, James

This report presents a quantitative assessment of how the presentation of news has changed over the past 30 years and how it varies across platforms. Over time, and as society moved from “old” to “new” media, news content has generally shifted from more-objective event- and context-based reporting to reporting that is more subjective, relies more heavily on argumentation and advocacy, and includes more emotional appeals.

News in a Digital Age: Comparing the Presentation of News Information over Time and Across Media Platforms (Countering Truth Decay)

Computers & Technology

Smith, Shawn

Blake, Jonathan S.

Kavanagh, Jennifer

Davenport, Steven

Tebeka, Mahlet G.

Networking & Cloud Computing

The authors examine scalable analytics to detect malign or subversive information efforts, using the 2018 World Cup as a case study. The report has operational relevance to the U.S. government. It may benefit both researchers interested in going beyond post hoc recognition of malign or subversive information campaigns to in-time detection and social media companies interested in preventing their platforms from being co-opted by malign actors.

Detecting Malign or Subversive Information Efforts over Social Media: Scalable Analytics for Early Warning

Pezard, Stephanie

Marcinek, Krystyna

In the contemporary era marked by informational competition, one of the most important activities of a strategic or operational command is the development, presentation, and support of the command?s narratives. Drawing on the scientific literature and lessons learned from the joint force, the authors of this report describe best practices for the effective use of command narrative.

Developing, Disseminating, and Assessing Command Narrative: Anchoring Command Efforts on a Coherent Story

Engineering & Transportation

Schwille, Michael

Bauer, Ryan

Petrun Sayers, Elizabeth L.

Vick, Jason R.

Landgraf III, Walter F.

Engineering

Mapping White Identity Terrorism and Racially or Ethnically Motivated Violent Extremism: A Social Network Analysis of Online Activity

Marrone, James V.

Jackson, Brian A.

Matthews, Luke J.

DeNardo, Matthew A.

Moore, Pauline

Williams, Heather J.

Reference

The U.S. Department of Defense has influence tasks, capabilities, and missions but lacks a formal means for considering the ethics of influence operations aside from legal review. Using the principles of necessity, effectiveness, and proportionality, the authors develop a framework for evaluating influence efforts in three phases: an initial screening, a full ethical risk assessment, and a justification statement.

Planning Ethical Influence Operations: A Framework for Defense Information Professionals

Davis, Jeremy

Skerker, Michael

Strawser, Bradley J.

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