This book addresses the major methodological issues related to choosing, administering, and using patient-reported outcomes (PROs), particularly in clinical practice settings. PROs are measures of how patients feel or what they are able to do as they are dealing with chronic diseases or conditions. Based on questionnaires completed by patients without any modification of responses by clinicians or others, PROs reflect the patient's point of view. They provide information on a patient's health conditions, health behaviors, or experiences with health care. PROs cover domains such as physical health, mental and emotional health, functioning, symptoms and symptom burden, and health behaviors. Basing their advice on both classic and modern test theory, the authors describe best practices in using PROs in performance measures while accommodating patients with diverse linguistic, cultural, educational, and functional skills. They examine complex issues relating to scoring and analyzing PRO data, but they do so in straightforward way, often using nontechnical language with clear examples. Their discussion and recommendations are easy to understand for both audiences experienced in PRO measurement and those new to the field.

Patient-Reported Outcomes in Performance Measurement (RTI Press Books)

Medical Books

Cella, David

Hahn, Elizabeth A.

Jensen, Sally E.

Butt, Zeeshan

Nowinski, Cindy J.

Rothrock, Nan

Lohr, Kathleen N.

Administration & Medicine Economics

RTI International/RTI Press

Science is allegedly in the midst of a reproducibility crisis, but questions of reproducibility and related principles date back nearly 80 years. Numerous controversies have arisen, especially since 2010, in a wide array of disciplines that stem from the failure to reproduce studies or their findings: biology, biomedical and preclinical research, business and organizational studies, computational sciences, drug discovery, economics, education epidemiology and statistics, genetics, immunology, policy research, political science, psychology, and sociology. This book defines terms and constructs related to reproducible research and examines considers key considerations and challenges in reaching key goals of credible scientific investigations. It clarifies reproducible research, with its attendant (and confusing or even conflicting) lexicon, and provides useful background, definitions, and practical guidance for all readers. The authors conclude that researchers must become better educated about these issues, so as to communicate more clearly within their own fields and, more importantly, across multiple disciplines. Scientists should embrace these concepts as part of their responsibilities as good stewards of research funding and as providers of credible information for public policy decision-making in many areas of public policy. The goal is achieving the most rigorous, high-quality science possible given limitations on time, funding, or other resources.

Reproducibility: A Primer on Semantics and Implications for Research (RTI Press Books)

Science & Math

Pellizzari, Edo

Blatecky, Alan

Creel, Darryl

Research

RTI Press / RTI International

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Books by Lohr, Kathleen N.