<p>Focusing on Chile and Colombia during the 1950s and 1960s, Kofas examines the impact of IMF, World Bank, and U.S. foreign policy on the economies and social and political institutions of Latin America. Far from fostering democracy and social justice, foreign loans and aid were major impediments to these ideals. Symptomatic of systematic underdevelopment, cyclical Third World foreign borrowing and debt crises have been responsible for maintaining the debtor nations integrated into the global market economy, perpetuating their dependency, and maintaining low living standards. Comparing Colombia and Chile, the book examines the complex factors of domestic and international forces that account for structural underdevelopment in the Third World.</p>
<p>A study on the historical antecedents of globalism and its impact on the Third World, this book analyzes the interplay between IMF, World Bank, and U.S. foreign policy in shaping the economies of the Third World through loans that are the catalyst to global integration. Through its in-depth look at a complex topic, this book will prove provocative and valuable reading to students of globalization, inter-American relations, international finance, Latin American History, and U.S. diplomatic history.</p>

The Sword of Damocles: The IMF, the World Bank, and U.S. Foreign Policy in Colombia and Chile, 1950-1970

Business & Money

Kofas, Jon

Kofas, Jon V.

Economics

Praeger

The second common meeting of the European Section and the Cervical Spine Research Society took place in Marseille (France) from June 12 to 15, 1988 and was organized by Rene Louis. More than 130 specialists from every part of Europe, from America and Asia participated, representing, among others, the fields of Orthopedics, Neurosurgery, Traumatology, Neurology, Anatomy, Rheumatology and Radiology. This meeting again was convincing proof of the growing interest which exists in Europe in research into injuries and diseases of the cervical spine. The main topics of this meeting were the subluxation of the lower cervical spine (chapter 1) and the infectious diseases of the cervical spine (chapter 2). Chapters 3 and 4 of this volume deal with degenerative lesions and the upper cervical spine. In chapter 5 experimental reports are presented, so that a good synopsis is provided of our present state of knowledge of diseases of the cervical spine. The European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society was founded by Mario Boni in 1984, who unfortunately died in 1986 and was proclaimed Honory President of the European Section. There is a European meeting every summer and one every three years with our colleagues from the United States of America, Canada and Japan organized in Europe. The first combined meeting was organized by Pierre Kehr in Strasbourg (France) in 1985 and the presented papers were published in Cervical Spine I (Springer, Wien-New York, 1987).

Jon Kofas offers a comprehensive study of "global integration" after the Second World War. Globalization is perceived to be essentially the process of world economic integration in which the United States has played the key role but in which interests of most Third World countries have been sacrificed. This study's original contribution lies in the author's contention that there have been two "models" of globalization: the US led "patron-client model" and the EU initiated "interdependent integral model". It will be of particular interest to those studying and researching in the fields of international political economy, foreign policy, development politics and political theory.

Independence From America: Global Integration And Inequality

Ashgate Pub. Co

Colombia -- Economic conditions -- 1918-1970. Colombia -- Dependency on the United States. Colombia -- Relaciones económicas exteriores -- EE.UU.

Dependence and Underdevelopment in Colombia

Arizona State University

The Struggle for Legitimacy: Latin American Labor and the United States, 1930-1960

Univ of Arizona Pr

Independence from America: Global Integration and Inequality

International

Routledge

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