Recent years have witnessed a dramatic growth in the number of black elected officials. Although blacks still constitute barely 1 percent of elected officeholders in the nation, their increasing political power cannot be denied. In Black Representation and Urban Policy, Albert K. Karnig and Susan Welch focus on the election of blacks to mayoral and city council seats, using the most current data available on more than 250 cities. They address two major questions: What conditions promote blacks' chances of winning election to public office? Does the election of blacks to municipal office have an effect on urban policy? In exploring the factors that underlie the election of blacks to public office, the authors found that the resources of the black community itself—the size as well as the education and income of the black population—are the best predictors of blacks' winning political office. The authors' assessment of the impact of black elected officials on urban policy constitutes perhaps their most profoundly important finding. Cities with black mayors have had greater increases in social welfare expenditures than have similar communities without black mayors. The authors point out that election of blacks to mayoral posts, then, can have more than symbolic consequences for public policy.

Black Representation and Urban Policy

Politics & Social Sciences

Karnig, Albert

Welch, Susan

Social Sciences

University of Chicago Press

Although considerable attention has been focused on the selection of minority candidates for political office, the impact of the increasing numbers of high-level minority administrative appointees has not been systematically examined. As the only work that reflects developments occurring in the 1980s, this volume presents the views of minority administrators together with analyses by three prominent scholars in the field. Six of the chapters are contributed by black, Hispanic, and Native American administrators who exercise substantial policy-making and decision-making authority. The group, which includes two women, consists of two city managers, two police chiefs, a deputy mayor, and the director of a quasi-governmental health organization.
The editors' introduction to Chapter 1 provides a framework for analyzing the role of minority administrators and their impact on policy issues in urban settings. In the next chapter, the working environment, the constraints, the opportunities, and other factors that affect minority administrators are highlighted. Subsequent chapters explore the ways in which the demands of local governmental systems, traditional role expectations, peer pressures, and the expectations of minority communities influence these administrators' effectiveness and affect their perceptions of their responsibilities. It is clear that minority administrators confront unique pressures and conflicts in governmental systems that have not always been responsive to the concerns of minority groups. Their racial or ethnic loyalty is frequently questioned and applied as a test on critical issues by minority and majority communities alike. The editors conclude the volume with an examination of differences and similarities in the experiences of the contributing authors and attempt to place common issues in a broader context. Blending theoretical and practical perspectives, this volume offers informed, constructive analyses of a broad range of issues of concern to both minorities and the field of public administration. It will be important reading for students, administrators, and academics as well as the political leadership of black, Hispanic, and Native American communities.

Urban Minority Administrators: Politics, Policy, and Style (Contributions in Political Science)

McClain, Paula

Sociology

Praeger

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