This easy-to-read 8x10" handbook is for persons interested in the business of importing, manufacturing and dealing in firearms defined by the National Firearms Act (NFA) or persons intending to go into an NFA firearms business. It should also be helpful to collectors of NFA firearms and other persons with questions about the application of the NFA. This publication is not a law book. It is intended as a user friendly reference book enabling the user to quickly find answers to questions concerning the NFA.

ATF National Firearms Act Handbook

Justice, U.S. Department of

and Explosives, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms

Reference

PrepperPress.com

This manual is intended to assist federal prosecutors in the preparation and litigation of cases involving the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO), 18 U.S.C. §§ 1961 1968. Prosecutors are encouraged to contact the Organized Crime and Racketeering Section (OCRS) early in the preparation of their case for advice and assistance. All pleadings alleging a violation of RICO, including indictments, informations, and criminal and civil complaints, must be submitted to OCRS for review and approval before being filed with the court. Also, all pleadings alleging forfeiture under RICO, as well as pleadings relating to an application for a temporary restraining order pursuant to RICO, must be submitted to OCRS for review and approval prior to filing. Prosecutors must submit to OCRS a prosecution memorandum and a draft of the pleadings to be filed with the court in order to initiate the Criminal Division approval process.

CRIMINAL RICO : 18 U.S.C. §§ 1961-1968 (A Manual for Federal Prosecutors)

Education & Teaching

Schools & Teaching

lulu.com

The Handbook of Forensic Services provides guidance and procedures for safe and efficient methods of collecting, preserving, packaging, and shipping evidence and describes the forensic examinations performed by the FBI’s Laboratory Division and Operational Technology Division. The successful investigation and prosecution of crimes require, in most cases, the collection, preservation, and forensic analysis of evidence. Forensic analysis of evidence is often crucial to determinations of guilt or innocence. The FBI has one of the largest and most comprehensive forensic laboratories in the world, and the FBI Laboratory is accredited by the American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors/Laboratory Accreditation Board. The forensic services of the FBI Laboratory Division and the Operational Technology Division are available to the following: FBI field offices and legal attachés, U.S. attorneys, military tribunals, and other federal agencies for civil and criminal matters, State, county, and municipal law enforcement agencies in the United States and territorial possessions for criminal matters. All forensic services, including expert witness testimonies, are rendered free of cost; however, the following limitations apply: No examination will be conducted on evidence that has been previously subjected to the same type of examination. Exceptions may be granted when there are reasons for a reexamination. These reasons should be explained in separate letters from the director of the laboratory that conducted the original examination, the prosecuting attorney, and the investigating agency. No request for an examination will be accepted from laboratories having the capability of conducting the examination. Exceptions may be granted upon approval of the FBI Laboratory Director or a designee. No testimony will be furnished if testimony on the same subject and in the same case is provided for the prosecution by another expert. No request for an examination will be accepted from a nonfederal law enforcement agency in civil matters. In addition, when submitting evidence to the FBI Laboratory, contributors acknowledge the following: FBI examiners will choose appropriate technical processes to address the contributor’s request for examination. Depending on the caseload of the Laboratory and the needs of the contributor, evidence examinations may be subcontracted. An FBI Laboratory Report of Examination may contain the opinions and/or interpretations of the examiner(s) who issued the report.~

Handbook of Forensic Services

Investigation, Federal Bureau Of

CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform

Increasingly the news is full of reports providing misleading or biased information about our nation’s drug policies. Whether there are questions about the Drug Enforcement Administration’s (DEA) actions to enforce federal law, or challenges to the basic concept that drugs are dangerous, there is a growing discussion as to whether our current drug policies are effective and appropriate. This booklet, Speaking Out Against Drug Legalization, is designed to cut through the current fog of misinformation with hard facts. It presents an accurate picture of America’s experience with drug use, the nature of the drug problem, and the potential for damage if the United States adopts a more permissive policy on drug abuse. The information is presented in a bulleted format, in an effort to provide specific points in response to the most common myths and facts about drugs and drug abuse. Drug abuse, and this nation’s response to it, is one of the most important and complex challenges facing all Americans—especially our youth. The national drug policies presently in place were not dreamed up from an ivory tower of idealism, but instead were constructed from the cold realities of experience. From a historical perspective, the unique freedoms offered by the United States have always depended on a well-informed public. Accordingly, the DEA hopes you will use the scrupulously researched facts you find in this booklet to help you educate your friends and family. This book is designed to dispel the inaccuracies about drug legalization and present accurate information on legalization, drug policy and drug abuse.  Some of the topics include:  a balanced approach of prevention, enforcement, and treatment; smoked marijuana; crime, violence, and drug use; and nonviolent drug users and treatment.~

Speaking Out Against Drug Legalization

Politics & Social Sciences

Administration, Drug Enforcement

Politics & Government

The idea of The Fingerprint Sourcebook originated during a meeting in April 2002. Individuals representing the fingerprint, academic, and scientific communities met in Chicago, Illinois, for a day and a half to discuss the state of fingerprint identification with a view toward the challenges raised by Daubert issues. The meeting was a joint project between the International Association for Identification (IAI) and West Virginia University (WVU). One recommendation that came out of that meeting was a suggestion to create a sourcebook for friction ridge examiners, that is, a single source of researched information regarding the subject. This sourcebook would provide educational, training, and research information for the international scientific community. The Scientific Working Group on Friction Ridge Analysis, Study and Technology (SWGFAST) prepared an outline of the subjects that should be included in the sourcebook. Charles Illsley, a SWGFAST member, prepared a grant proposal for submission to the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) for funding of the project, with Frank Fitzpatrick as the project director and Alan and Debbie McRoberts as the sourcebook editors. Although many participants in the project were, and some remain, active members of SWGFAST, participation in the project was not restricted to SWGFAST members. NIJ provided grant funding to the WVU Forensic Science Initiative to support the project and a call for authors and reviewers was extended throughout the forensic community. The prospective authors were asked to prepare a detailed outline and an introduction for each chapter that they hoped to write. They were also asked to provide curriculum vitae. Two or more individuals volunteered for most chapters and some chapters had as many as seven volunteers. Multiple reviewers for each chapter participated and are listed at the end of each chapter. The curricula vitae for all of the authors and most reviewers are included in the appendix. After the selection of authors was made and the chapters were assigned to the various authors and coauthors, the chapters were written and multiple rounds of author revisions and review were completed. The chapters were then edited and reviewed again. The chapters were then submitted to NIJ, where additional review and editing occurred. During the NIJ edit and review process, Chapter 15 (Special Abilities and Vulnerabilities in Forensic Expertise) was added to the project because of contemporary importance placed on that research. Those NIJ employees who participated in reviewing, editing, and finalizing this book should be congratulated for their efforts in bringing this project to completion. For those who have worked in the field of fingerprint identification during the last 50 years, the influence of the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s (FBI’s) leadership in providing fingerprint training is well known. However, with the creation of SWGFAST in 1995, the FBI showed great leadership in providing a mechanism to promote consensus standards within our diverse forensic community. A brief sketch about the origin of SWGFAST and a list of the past and current members of SWGFAST are included in the appendix. In the history of fingerprints, no previous effort of this magnitude has been made to assemble as much reviewed information into a single source. Using fingerprints to identify individuals has become commonplace, and that identification role is an invaluable tool worldwide.~

The Fingerprint Sourcebook

Justice, National Institute of

Criminal Law

This intelligence guide was prepared in response to requests from law enforcement executives for guidance in intelligence functions in a post-September 11 world. It will help law enforcement agencies develop or enhance their intelligence capacity and enable them to fight terrorism and other crimes while preserving community policing relationships. The world of law enforcement intelligence has changed dramatically since September 11, 2001. State, local, and tribal law enforcement agencies have been tasked with a variety of new responsibilities; intelligence is just one. In addition, the intelligence discipline has evolved significantly in recent years. As these various trends have merged, increasing numbers of American law enforcement agencies have begun to explore, and sometimes embrace, the intelligence function. This guide is intended to help them in this process. The guide is directed primarily toward state, local, and tribal law enforcement agencies of all sizes that need to develop or reinvigorate their intelligence function. Rather than being a manual to teach a person how to be an intelligence analyst, it is directed toward that manager, supervisor, or officer who is assigned to create an intelligence function. It is intended to provide ideas, definitions, concepts, policies, and resources. It is a primera place to start on a new managerial journey. Every law enforcement agency in the United States, regardless of agency size, must have the capacity to understand the implications of information collection, analysis, and intelligence sharing. Each agency must have an organized mechanism to receive and manage intelligence as well as a mechanism to report and share critical information with other law enforcement agencies. In addition, it is essential that law enforcement agencies develop lines of communication and information-sharing protocols with the private sector, particularly those related to the critical infrastructure, as well as with those private entities that are potential targets of terrorists and criminal enterprises. Not every agency has the staff or resources to create a formal intelligence unit, nor is it necessary in smaller agencies. This document will provide common language and processes to develop and employ an intelligence capacity in SLTLE agencies across the United States as well as articulate a uniform understanding of concepts, issues, and terminology for law enforcement intelligence (LEI). While terrorism issues are currently most pervasive in the current discussion of LEI, the principles of intelligence discussed in this document apply beyond terrorism and include organized crime and entrepreneurial crime of all forms. Drug trafficking and the associated crime of money laundering, for example, continue to be a significant challenge for law enforcement. Transnational computer crime, particularly Internet fraud, identity theft cartels, and global black marketeering of stolen and counterfeit goods, are entrepreneurial crime problems that are increasingly being relegated to SLTLE agencies to investigate simply because of the volume of criminal incidents. Similarly, local law enforcement is being increasingly drawn into human trafficking and illegal immigration enterprises and the often associated crimes related to counterfeiting of official documents, such as passports, visas, driver's licenses, Social Security cards, and credit cards. All require an intelligence capacity for SLTLE, as does the continuation of historical organized crime activities such as auto theft, cargo theft, and virtually any other scheme that can produce profit for an organized criminal entity. To be effective, the law enforcement community must interpret intelligence-related language in a consistent manner. In addition, common standards, policies, and practices will help expedite intelligence sharing while at the same time protecting the privacy of citizens and preserving hard-won community policing relationships.~

Law Enforcement Intelligence: A Guide for State, Local, and Tribal Law Enforcement Agencies

Carter, Ph.D., David L.

Policing Services, Office of Community Oriented

Administrative Law

The National Institute of Justice is pleased to release DNA for the Defense Bar. This is the fourth publication in a series designed to increase the field’s understanding of the science of DNA and its application in the courtroom. The other three publications include “Principles of Forensic DNA for Officers of the Court,” “DNA: A Prosecutor’s Practice Notebook,” and “DNA for Law Enforcement Decision Makers.” This book is specifically designed for criminal defense attorneys. You are defense counsel in a case with DNA evidence or where the absence of DNA evidence may raise factual or legal issues. DNA evidence, when properly collected and analyzed, and when relevant to an alleged crime, can have extraordinary value in the adjudication of a criminal case. This book is designed to help defense attorneys understand: The biology of DNA, Proper collection procedures for DNA evidence, Interpretation of DNA analysis and findings, When and why an expert is needed, Development of case theory in a DNA-based prosecution or in a case where there should be DNA evidence, Legal issues for pretrial and trial in cases with DNA evidence.

DNA for the Defense Bar

Programs, Office of Justice

The results of forensic investigations often can be the difference between acquittal and conviction in a court of law. The validity of those results depends on the knowledge, skills, and experience of the forensic scientists working to obtain them. The National Institute of Justice, with support from the West Virginia University, created the Technical Working Group for Education and Training in Forensic Science (TWGED) to establish best practices for educating and training forensic scientists. The working group developed the consensus criteria and recommendations presented in this report. This information serves students as they prepare for a career in forensic science, educational institutions as they develop and revamp curriculums, and forensic scientists as they advance their knowledge, skills, and abilities in the constantly evolving forensic science disciplines.

Education and Training in Forensic Science: A Guide for Forensic Science Laboratories, Educational Institutions, and Students

DNA has proven to be a powerful tool in the fight against crime. DNA evidence can identify suspects, convict the guilty, and exonerate the innocent. Throughout the Nation, criminal justice professionals are discovering that advancements in DNA technology are breathing new life into old, cold, or unsolved criminal cases. Evidence that was previously unsuitable for DNA testing because a biological sample was too small or degraded may now yield a DNA profile. Development of the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) at the State and national levels enables law enforcement to aid investigations by effectively and efficiently identifying suspects and linking serial crimes to each other. The National Commission on the Future of DNA Evidence made clear, however, that we must dedicate more resources to empower law enforcement to use this technology quickly and effectively. Using DNA to Solve Cold Cases is intended for use by law enforcement and other criminal justice professionals who have the responsibility for reviewing and investigating unsolved cases. This report will provide basic information to assist agencies in the complex process of case review with a specific emphasis on using DNA evidence to solve previously unsolvable crimes. Although DNA is not the only forensic tool that can be valuable to unsolved case investigations, advancements in DNA technology and the success of DNA database systems have inspired law enforcement agencies throughout the country to reevaluate cold cases for DNA evidence. As law enforcement professionals progress through investigations, however, they should keep in mind the array of other technology advancements, such as improved ballistics and fingerprint databases, which may substantially advance a case beyond its original level.

Using DNA to Solve Cold Cases

DNA Evidence, National Commission on the Future of

The principal assignment given to the Research and Development Working Group was to identify the technical advances in the forthcoming decade and to assess the expected impact of these on forensic DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) analysis. Progress in forensic analysis was slow until recently, but since 1985 more powerful techniques have increased explosively. The first useful marker system, the ABO blood groups, was discovered in 1900. The second, the MN groups, came a quarter century later. By the 1960s, there were 17 blood group systems known, but not all were useful for forensics, and in the 1970s a few serum proteins and enzymes were added. By the 1980s, some 100 protein polymorphisms were known but most were not generally useful for forensics. The year 1985 brought a major breakthrough. VNTRs (variable number of tandem repeats) showed much greater variability among people than previous systems and immediately began to be used for forensic studies. They are still used, but are rapidly being replaced by STRs (short tandem repeats). We can also expect improvements in collection and purification techniques. Automation will make the process more efficient and rapid, and we expect interpretative software for analysis of complex problems, such as mixtures. There also is progress toward miniaturization, using a combination of chip technology and molecular genetics. Portable, handheld systems are now working in laboratory experiments; how soon these will be available for routine use is not clear. We also expect an increasing amount of re-examination of cases in which the conviction was based on evidence other than DNA. Greater automation and higher throughput approaches will help reduce the backlog. Formats that can analyze multiple STR loci in miniaturized, mobile instruments are promised and should be available by this time. We also expect improved sampling and storage techniques. Research in the human genome and clinical research will produce many more markers, some of which will be used to supplement the existing procedures. We also expect integration of computers and internet with analytical techniques to permit direct transmission of test data between laboratories. There may be some transition to new technologies, mainly to supplement the standard STRs. SNPs will be widely used in medical and agricultural research, so there will be many opportunities to carry these over for forensic purposes. Within 10 years we expect portable, miniaturized instrumentation that will provide analysis at the crime scene with computer-linked remote analysis. Although this report looks to the future, we emphasize that current state-of-the-art DNA typing is such that the technology and statistical methods are accurate and reproducible. STRs have proved to be very satisfactory for forensic use and are being rapidly adopted by forensic laboratories. The difficulty and expense of changing well-established and reliable procedures will inhibit changes to other systems. For this reason, we believe that STRs will be the predominant procedure during the next decade. Methods of automation, increasing the speed and output and reliability of STR methods, will continue. In particular we expect that portable, miniature chips will make possible the analysis of DNA directly at the crime scene. Techniques for handling minute amounts of DNA or DNA that is badly degraded will become much better. In particular, mitochondrial DNA will probably play an increasing role in such difficult cases. Databases of DNA profiles of convicted felons will be extensive and coordinated throughout the States. International comparisons will be feasible and increasingly common. In the future, it is likely that an increasing number of suspects will be identified by database searches. The statistical interpretation is difficult, particularly if future databases include representatives of the population at large rather than convicted felons.

The Future of Forensic DNA Testing: Predictions of the Research and Development Working Group

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