Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Hungary Review

Business & Money

International Energy Agency

Economics

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

<p>World leaders have pledged to act to change the energy future. Some new policies are in place. But the trends in energy demand, imports, coal use and greenhouse gas emissions to 2030 in this years World Energy Outlook are even worse than projected in WEO 2006. China and India are the emerging giants of the world economy. Their unprecedented pace of economic development will require ever more energy, but it will transform living standards for billions. There can be no question of asking them selectively to curb growth so as to solve problems which are global. So how is the transition to be achieved to a more secure, lower-carbon energy system? WEO 2007 provides the answers. With extensive statistics, projections in three scenarios, analysis and advice, it shows China, India and the rest of the world why we need to co-operate to change the energy future and how to do it. Table of Content : PART A. GLOBAL ENERGY PROSPECTS: IMPACT OF DEVELOPMENTS IN CHINA AND INDIA 1. Global Energy Trends 2. Energy Trends in China and India 3. International Trade and the World Economy 4. The World's Energy Security 5. Global Environmental Repercussions 6. Energy Policy Ramifications PART B. CHINA'S ENERGY PROSPECTS 7. Political, Economic and Demographic Context 8. Overvier of the Energy Sector 9. Reference Scenario Demand Projections 10. Reference Scenario Supply Projections 11. Alternative Policy Scenario Projections 12. High Growth Scenario Projections 13. Focus on the Coastal Region PART C. INDIA'S ENERGY PROSPECTS 14. Political, Economic and Demographic Context 15. Overview of the Energy Sector 16. Reference Scenario Demand Projections 17. Reference Scenario Supply Projections 18. Alternative Policy Scenario Projections 19. High Growth Scenario Projections 20. Focus on Energy Poverty Annex A. Tables for Reference and Alternative Policy Scenario Projections Annex B. Abbreviations, Definitions and Conversion Factors Annex C. Acronyms Annex D. References</p>

World Energy Outlook 2007: China and India Insights

Engineering & Transportation

Engineering

Intl Energy Agency

<p>A detailed reference work on gas supply and demand covering not only the OECD countries but also the rest of the world, this publication contains essential information on LNG and pipeline trade, gas reserves, storage capacity and prices. The main part of the book, however, concentrates on OECD countries, showing a detailed supply and demand balance for each country and for the three OECD regions: North America, Europe and Pacific, as well as a breakdown of gas consumption by end-user. Import and export data are reported by source and destination. Table of Content : Introduction Information -1. Introduction -2. Recent Data Revisions -3. Definitions -4. Sources and Notes -5. Country Notes -6. Geographical Coverage -7. Abbreviations and Conversion Factors Part I. Natural Gas Market Review Part II. World Overview -Graphs 1 2: World Natural Gas Production and Consumption by Region -Tables 1 2: World Natural Gas Production (in Mcm and TJ) -Tables 3 4: World Natural Gas Consumption (in Mcm and TJ) -Tables 5 6: World Natural Gas Consumption for Power Generation (in Mcm and TJ) -Tables 7 8: World Imports of Natural Gas (in Mcm and TJ) -Tables 9 10: World Exports of Natural Gas (in Mcm and TJ) -Tables 11, 12, 13, 14: World Natural Gas Imports by Origin (in Mcm) 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 -Tables 15, 16, 17, 18: World Natural Gas Pipeline Imports by Origin (in Mcm) 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 -Table 19: World Liquefied Natural Gas Imports by Origin (in Mcm) 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 -Table 20: World LNG Ports -Table 21: World LNG Terminals -Table 22: World Gas Storage Capacity -Table 23: World Reserves of Natural Gas Part III. OECD Overview -Table 1: Share of Natural Gas in OECD Energy Production -Table 2: Share of Natural Gas in OECD Energy Consumption -Tables 3 4: OECD GDP and Industrial Production Index -Tables 5 6: OECD Natural Gas Supply per unit of GDP and per Capita -Table 7: Key Energy and CO2 Emissions Data for OECD Countries in 2005 -Tables 8 9: Natural Gas Import Prices into Europe (in US$/MBtu and in national currency/MBtu) -Tables 10 11: LNG Import Prices into Europe (in US$/MBtu and in national currency/MBtu) -Table 12: LNG Import Prices into Japan and Korea (In US$.MBtu) -Table 13: LNG and Natural Gas Import Prices into USA (in US$/MBtu) -Table 14: LNG Import Prices into Japan and Korea (in national currency/MBtu) -Table 15: LNG and Natural Gas Import Prices into USA (in national currency/MBtu) -Table 16: Natural Gas Prices for Industry in National Currency -Table 17: Natural Gas Prices for Households in National Currency -Table 18: Natural Gas Prices for Electricity Generation in National Currency -Table 19: Natural Gas PRices for Industry in US Dollars -Table 20: Natural Gas Prices for Households in US Dollars -Table 21. Natural Gas Prices for Electricity Generation in US Dollars -Table 22: Price Comparison for Competing Fuels for Industry (in US Dollars/toe) -Table 23: Price Comparison for Competing Fuels for Households (in US Dolalrs/toe) -Table 24: Price Comparison for Competing Fuels for Electricity Generation (in US Dollars /toe) Part IV. OECD Detailed Natural Gas Data -OECD Total -OECD North America -OECD/IEA Pacific -OECD Europe -IEA Total -IEA North America -IEA Europe -Australia -Austria -Belgium -Canada -Czech Republic -Denmark -Finland -France -Germany -Greece -Hungary -Ireland -Italy -Japan -Korea -Luxembourg -Mexico -Netherlands -New Zealand -Norway -Poland.</p>

Natural Gas Information 2007

Organization for Economic

Renewables Information brings together in one volume essential statistics on renewables and waste energy sources. Part I of the publication provides a statistical overview of 2005 developments in the markets for renewables and waste in the OECD member countries. It also provides selected renewables indicators for non-OECD countries. Part II provides, in tabular form, a more detailed and comprehensive picture, including 2006 preliminary data, of developments for renewable and waste energy sources for each of the 30 OECD member countries. It encompasses energy indicators, generating capacity, electricity and heat production from renewable and waste sources, as well as production and consumption of renewable and waste products. Table of Content : Introduction -1. Principles and Definitions -2. Geographical Coverage -3. Country Notes -4. Conversion Factors Part I. Renewables in Global Energy Supply -Development of Renewables and Waste in the World -- An IEA Fact Sheet --Selected Renewables Indicators by Country for 2005 -Development of Renewables and Waste in OECD Countries --Primary Energy Supply --Electricity Production --Installed Generating Capacity --Contribution of Renewable Energy Sources to TPES by Country --Share of Electricity Production from Renewable Sources by Country --Share of Electricity Production from Renewable Sources excluding Hydro by Country --Primary Energy Supply from Different Renewable Sources in 2005 by Country Part II. OECD Renewables and Waste Data -For Each Region/Country, the Follow Tables/Graphs are Provided: --Table 1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population --Table 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Products in MW --Table 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable Sources in GWh --Table 4. Heat Production from Renewable Sources in the Transformation Sector in Terajoules --Table 5. Energy Balances of Renewable Products in Terajoules and Metric Kilotonnes --Graph 1. contribution of Renewables in 1990 --Graph 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2005 --Graph 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source in TWh -Countries/Regions --OECD Total --OECD North America --OECD/IEA Pacific --OECD Europe --IEA Total --IEA North America --IEA Europe --Australia --Austria --Belgium --Canada --Czech Republic --Denmark --Finland --France --Germany --Greece --Hungary --Iceland --Ireland --Italy --Japan --Korea --Luxembourg --Mexico --Netherlands --New Zealand --Norway --Poland --Portugal --Slovak Republic --Spain --Sweden --Switzerland --Turkey --United Kingdom --United States

Renewables Information: 2007 Edition

OECD Publishing

Our climate is changing. Less certain, however, is the timing and magnitude of climate change, and the cost of transition to a low-carbon world. This book identifies how climate change policy uncertainty may affect investment behaviour in the power sector. For power companies, where capital stock is intensive and long-lived, those risks rank among the biggest and can create an incentive to delay investment. Our analysis results show that the risk premiums of climate change uncertainty can add 40% of construction costs of the plant for power investors, and 10% of price surcharges for the electricity end-users. Climate Policy Uncertainty and Investment Risk tells what can be done in policy design to reduce these costs. Table of Content : Executive Summary Introduction Approach to Quantifying Uncertainty Risk Premiums Use and Interpretation of Results 1. Introduction -Climate Change Uncertainties 2. Approach to Quantifying Uncertainty -Relevance to Policy Makers -How Do We Represent Uncertainty? -How Does the Model Work -Interpretation of Options Value -Modelling Prices -Limits of the Modelling Approach 3. Investment Threshholds -CO2 Price Risk -CO2 and Fuel Price Risk -Policy Options 4. Company Perspectives on Managing Risks -Importance of Marketing Structure -Climate Change Policy Risks in the New World -Technical and Other Risks -Managing Risk 5. Implications for Policy Makers -Implications for Energy Projections -Creating Policy Uncertainty Appendix 1. Technology Assumptions and Result Summary Appendix 2. Technology Interaction Effects Appendix 3. Companies Consulted During the Study References

Climate Policy Uncertainty and Investment Risk (International Energy Agency)

Investing

Tracking Industrial Energy Efficiency and CO 2 Emissions responds to a G8 request. This major new analysis shows how industrial energy efficiency has improved dramatically over the last 25 years. Yet important opportunities for additional gains remain, which is evident when the efficiencies of different countries are compared. This analysis identifies the leaders and the laggards. It explains clearly a complex issue for non-experts. With new statistics, groundbreaking methodologies, thorough analysis and advice, and substantial industry consultation, this publication equips decision makers in the public and private sectors with the essential information that is needed to reshape energy use in manufacturing in a more sustainable manner.Table of Content : Foreword Acknowledgements Executive Summary Chapter 1. Introduction -Scope of Indicator Analysis -Energy and CO2 Saving Potentials -Next Steps Chapter 2. Manufacturing Industry Energy Use and CO2 Emissions Chapter 3. General Industry Indicators Issues -Energy Indicators Based on Economic and Physical Ratios -Practical Application of Energy and CO2 Emission Indicators -International Initiatives: Sectoral Approaches to Developing Indicators Chapter 4. Chemical and Petrochemical Industry -Introduction -Global Importance and Energy Use -Petrochemicals Production -Inorganic Chemicals Production -Ammonia Production -Combined Heat and Power -Plastics Recovery Operations -Energy and CO2 Emission Indicators for the Chemical and Petrochemical Industry -Energy Efficiency Potential Chapter 5. Iron and Steel Industry -Introduction -Global Importance and Energy Use -Indicator Issues -Energy Indicators -Coke Ovens -Iron Ore Agglomeration -Blast Furnaces -Basic Oxygen Furnaces -Electric Arc Furnaces -Cast Iron Production -Direct Reduced Iron Production -Steel Finishing -Energy Efficiency and CO2 Reduction Potentials Chapter 6. Non-Metallic Minerals -Introduction -Cement -Lime -Glass -Ceramic Products Chapter 7. Pulp, Paper, and Printing Industry -Global Importance and Energy Use -Methodological and Data Issues -Pulp and Paper Production and Demand Drivers -Energy Use in the Pulp and Paper Industry -Energy Indicators -Combined Heat and Power in the Pulp and Paper Industry -Paper Recycling and Recovered Paper Use -Use of Technology to Increase Energy Efficiency and Reduce CO2 Emissions -Differences in Energy Intensity and CO2 Emissions across Countries -Energy Efficiency Potentials Chapter 8. Non-Ferrous Metals -Introduction -Global Importance and Energy Use -Aluminium Production -Copper Production -Energy Efficiency and CO2 Reduction Potentials Chapter 9. System Optimisation -Introduction -Industrial Systems -Combined Heat and Power Chapter 10. Life Cycle Improvement Options -Introduction -Indicator Issues -Trends in the Efficiency of Materials and Product Use -Recycling and Reuse -Energy Recovery Annex A. Process Integration Annex B. Industry Benchmark Initiatives Annex C. Definitions, Acronyms and Units Anenx D. References

Tracking Industrial Energy Efficiency and CO2 Emissions

Energy Use in the New Millennium: Trends in IEA Countries

Mind the Gap is an unprecedented attempt to quantify the size of one of the most pervasive barriers to energy efficiency principal-agent problems, or in common parlance, variations on the landlord-tenant problem. In doing so, the book provides energy analysts and economists with unique insights into the amount of energy affected by principal-agent problems. Using an innovative methodology applied to eight case studies (covering commercial and residential sectors, and end-use appliances) from five different IEA countries, the analysis identifies over 3 800 PJ/year of affected energy use that is, around 85% of the annual energy use of a country the size of Spain. The book builds on these findings to suggest a range of possible policy solutions that can reduce the impact of principal-agent problems and help policy makers mind the energy efficiency gap.Table of Content : Foreword Acknowledgements Executive Summary Introduction THEORY 1.Market Barriers to Energy Efficiency Improvements: Locating Principal Agent Problems within the Broader Context 2. Agency theory and Principal Agent Problems 3. Methodology COMMERCIAL SECTOR: CASE STUDIES 4. Principal Agent Problems in the Commercial Offices Sector 5. Energy Use Affected by Principal Agent Problems in Japanese Commercial Office Space 6. Principal Agent Problems in Commercial Offices in the Netherlands 7. Principal Agent Problems in Commercial Office Space Leasing in Norway RESIDENTIAL SECTOR: CASE STUDIES 8. Principal Agent Problems in the Residential Sector 9. Refrigerator, Water Heater, Space Heating, and Residential Lighting Energy Use Affected by the Principal Agent Market Failure 10. Space Heating in Rented Houses in the Netherlands 11. Set-Top Boxes: Energy Use Affected by the Principal Agent Problem in the United States END-USE APPLIANCE CASES 12. Principal Agent Problems in End Use Appliances: Vending Machines 13. A Case Study on Principal Agent Problems for Japanese Vending Machines and Display Cabinets 14. Vending Machine Energy Use in Australia Affected by Principal Agent Problems CONCLUSIONS 15. Conclusions and Policy Implications 16. Annex and References

Mind the Gap: Quantifying Principal-Agent Problems in Energy Efficiency

Coal Information is the International Energy Agency's comprehensive annual review of historical and current market trends int he world coal sector. It brings together essential statistics on coal and therefore provides a strong foundation for policy and market analysis.     Part I of the publication provides a review of the world coal market in 2007, while Part II provides a statistical overview of developments, which covers world coal production and coal reserves, coal demand by type (hard, steam, coking), hard coal trade and hard coal prices. Part III provides, in tabular and graphic form, a more detailed and comprehensive statistical picture of historical and current coal developments in the 30 OECD member countries, by region and individually. Part IV provides for selected non-OECD countries summary statistics on hard coal supply and end-use statistics for about 40 countries and regions worldwide. Complete coal balances and coal trade data for selected years are presented on 16 major non-OECD coal producing and consuming countries.    Partial Table of contents       INTRODUCTION  -1. General Notes  -2. Sources  -3. Units and Conversions  -4. Notes on Energy Sources and Flows  -5. Price Data  -6. Quarterly Energy Savings  -7. Geographical Coverage  -8. Country Notes  -9. Conversion Factors and Calorific Values  PART I. WORLD COAL MARKET REVIEW  -1. Overview  -2. Production  -3. Consumption  -4. Trade  -5. Prices  -6. CO2 Emissions  -7. CO2 Capture and Storage - International and Future Prospects  PART II. WORLD COAL OVERVIEW  -1. Production  --Table 1.1. World Hard Coal Production  --Table 1.2. World Coking Coal Production  --Table 1.3. World Steam Coal Production  --Table 1.4. World Brown Coal Production  --Table 1.5. OECD Production of Coke Oven Coal  -2. Consumption  --Table 2.1. World Hard Coal Consumption  --Table 2.2. World Coking Coal Consumption  --Table 2.3. World Steam Coal Consumption  --Table 2.4. World Brown Coal Consumption  --Table 1.5 OECD Consumption of Coke Oven Coal  -3. Trade  --Table 3.1. World and Seaborne Coal Trade  --Table 3.2. World Total Hard Coal Trade  --Table 3.3. World Stem Coal Trade  --Table 3.4.. World Coking Coal Trade  --Table 3.5. World Hard Coal Imports - Regional Aggregates  --Table 3.6. World Brown Coal Imports - Regional Aggregates  --Table 3.7. World Hard Coal Imports - Selected Countries  --Table 3.8. World Brown Coal Imports - Selected Countries  --Table 3.9. World Coking Coal Imports - Regional Aggregates  --Table 3.10. World Steam Coal Imports - Regional Aggregates  --Table 3.11. World Coking Coal Imports - Selected Countries  --Table 3.12. World Steam Coal Imports - Selected Countries  --Table 3.13. OECD Coke Oven Coke Imports  --Table 3.14. World Hard Coal Exports - Regional Aggregates  --Table 3.15. World Brown Coal Exports - Regional Aggregates  --Table 3.16. World Hard Coal Exports - Selected Countries  --Table 3.17. World Brown Coal Exports - Selected Countries  --Table 3.18. World Coking Coal Exports - Regional Aggregates  --Table 3.19. World Steam Coal Exports - Regional Aggregates  --Table 3.20. World Coking Coal Exports - Selected Countries  --Table 3.21. World Steam Coal Exports - Selected Countries  --Table 3.22. OECD Coke Oven Coke Exports  -4. Prices  --Table 4.1. Japan Coking Coal Import Costs  --Table 4.2. EU Coking Coal Import Costs from Selected Countries  --Table 4.3. Japan Steam Coal Import Costs  --Table 4.4. EU Steam Coal Import Costs from Selected Countries  --Table 4.5. Steam Coal Exports Costs  --Table 4.6. Coking Coal Export Costs  --Table 4.7. Coking Coal Prices for Industry  --Table 4.8. Steam Coal Prices for Industry  --Table 4.9. Steam coal Prices for Electricity Generation  5. Coal for Other Uses  --Table 5.1. OECD Coal-Fired and Total Electricity Generating Capacity  --Table 5.2. OECD Coal Use for Electricity Production and Heat Sold  --Table 5.3

Coal Information 2008

Environmental & Natural Resources Law

Organization for Economic Cooperation & Devel

World Energy Outlook 2008

Industries

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