Rules and Regulations Governing the Department of the Interior in Its Various Branches, Vol. 1 of 4: Furnished in Response to a Resolution Adopted by ... States, February 1, 1907 (Classic Reprint)

Interior, U.S. Department of the

Reference

Forgotten Books

The original edition of this glossary was developed for use by trainee cadastral surveyors during the cadastral survey professional series of training courses. This edition is intended for use by all Blm personnel and should be of particular value to newly hired cadastral and cartographic personnel. For the sake of clarity and exactness, many first edition definitions have been modified. The definitions are not meant to conflict with those in other glossaries, but since the glossary is for Blm cadastral personnel, some terms will have a meaning unique to Blm cadastral surveys.

Glossary of BLM Surveying and Mapping Terms

Education & Teaching

Land Management, Bureau of

Schools & Teaching

lulu.com

The Moon held little interest for most scientists after its basic astronomic properties had been determined and before direct exploration appeared likely. Speculations about its internal structure, composition, and origin were only broadly constrained by cosmochemical data from meteorites and solar spectra, and by astronomic data about its size, shape, motions, and surficial properties. Most investigators who were active before the space age began in 1957 believed that significant new advances in lunar knowledge required acquisition of additional data. One analytical technique, however, was insufficiently exploited before the 1960's. Few scientists since the geologist Gilbert had studied the lunar surface systematically from the historical point of view. Those who did immediately obtained important new insights about the Moon's postaccretion evolution. Then, the pioneering work of E.M. Shoemaker and R.J. Hackman focused the powerful methods of stratigraphy on lunar problems. Stratigraphy is the study of the spatial distribution, chronologic relations, and formative processes of layered rocks. Its application to the Moon came relatively late and met resistance, but the fundamental stratigraphic approach was, in fact, readily transferable to the partly familiar, partly exotic deposits visible on the lunar surface. Stratigraphic methods were applied systematically during the 1960's in a program of geologic mapping that aimed at reconstructing the evolution of the Moon's nearside. Order was discovered among the seemingly diverse and random landforms of the lunar surface by determining the sequence in which they were emplaced. The stratigraphic sequence and the emplacement processes deduced therefrom provided a framework for exploration by the Apollo program and for the task of analyzing the returned samples. During the 19703, the sophisticated labor of hundreds of analysts was brought to bear on the wealth of material returned by the American Apollo and the Soviet Luna spacecraft. Our present perception of the Moon has emerged from the interplay between sampling studies and stratigraphically based photogeology. These two approaches are complementary: Photogeology contributes a historical context by viewing the whole Moon from a distant vantage point, whereas the samples contain information on rock types and absolute ages unobtainable by remote methods. Neither approach by itself, even the most elaborate program of direct surface exploration, could have yielded the current advanced state of knowledge within the relatively short time of two decades. This volume presents a model for the geologic evolution of the Moon that has emerged mainly from this integration of photogeologic stratigraphy and sample analysis. Other aspects of the vast field of lunar science are discussed here only insofar as they pertain to the evolution of visible surface features. Chemical data obtained by remote sensing supplement the photogeologic interpretations of some geologic units, and geophysical data obtained both from lunar orbit and on the surface constrain hypotheses of the origin of many internally generated structures and deposits. Studies of the same data that treat the Moon as a whole, including speculations about the intriguing but unsolved problem of its origin, have been adequately covered in other reviews. This volume is written primarily for geoscientists and other planetologists who have examined some aspect of lunar or planetary science and who want a review of lunar science from the viewpoint of historical geology. It should also provide a useful summary for the advanced student who is conversant with common geologic terms. It may, furthermore, interest the geologist who has not studied the Moon but who wishes to see how his methodology has been applied to another planet.

The Geologic History of the Moon

Science & Math

Wilhelms, Don E.

Earth Sciences

CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform

This volume represents the fourth in a series of five Class I Overview histories prepared by the Colorado State Office, Bureau of Land Management. The purpose of these works is to develop a synthetic history of a given area in order to provide our managers and staff specialists with a baseline overview of the history in a district. We have prepared these documents district by district, and they are regularly used by BLM personnel for orientation, training, and literature searches by professional consultants. In addition, these Class I's are basic to the operation of BLM's Cultural Resource Management Program, because they provide the background that is required for field examination and evaluation of historic properties located on Bureau lands in Colorado. The overview is also used for the preparation of Resource Management Plans and Environmental Impact Statements. This work is the first time an author has attempted to write a broad view of northeastern Colorado, covering the area from the Continental Divide to Kansas and from Wyoming south to near Colorado Springs. This massive region represents a quarter of Colorado and contains the vast majority of Colorado's historic sites and events. That Steve Mehls was able to cover this huge area, within very strict page limits is a testament to his ability to abstract the important events in our history. It must be noted that the major cities, like Denver, Colorado Springs, Boulder, Fort Collins, and Greeley are only mentioned. This is because there is no public land in these places and the Bureau's mandate is to manage the public lands, not private estate. Therefore, some of northeastern Colorado's history is briefly noted, with the emphasis placed on the interaction between the Federal Government and its role in the settlement of the West.

The New Empire of the Rockies: A History of Northeast Colorado (Cultural Resources Series)

History

Management, Bureau of Land

Americas

One of the more interesting developments in the field of archaeology in the recent past is the emergence of predictive modeling as an integral component of the discipline. Within any developing and expanding field, one may expect some initial controversy that will, presumably, diminish as the techniques are tested, refined, and finally accepted. We are still very much in the initial stages of learning how to go about using predictive modeling in archaeology, and this book represents an effort by some of the leading experts in the field to present a comprehensive and detailed examination of this approach to understanding how people in the past used the landscape in which they lived.

Quantifying the Present and Predicting the Past: Theory, Method, and Application of Archaeological Predictive Modeling

Politics & Social Sciences

Anthropology

This volume represents a bridge between Colorado's prehistoric past and the time of Anglo-American settlement in our state. Few people realize that hundreds of years before the discovery of gold in Colorado during 1859, a highly developed European civilization had explored and settled the area now known as New Mexico and Colorado. Spanish conquistadors roamed the plains in the mid-1500s. They came here permanently in 1598 and founded the second oldest city in North America. This long cultural heritage was overshadowed when Colorado [and New Mexico] became part of the United States during the mid-1800s. This publication is neither prehistory nor purely western history. It reveals an aspect of our past that is sometimes overlooked and often forgotten. This volume represents a modest contribution to the Columbus Quincentennial year. It is fitting that during this 500th anniversary of the "discovery" of the New World, Spanish contributions to our western heritage are recognized.

A Forgotten Kingdom: The Spanish Frontier in Colorado and New Mexico, 1540-1821 (Cultural Resources Series)

The Mojave Desert in southeastern California is a wedge-shaped region having its apex toward the west. This report deals with the western part of the desert – a part that is characterized by interior drainage and is sharply delineated by mountain ranges on both the southwest and northwest. The part mapped geologically inc1udes about 7,200 square miles between latitudes 34°34' and 35°30' N. and longitudes 117° and 119° W., or parts of Kern, Los Angeles, and San Bernardino Counties. The center of the region lies about 70 miles airline north-northeast of Los Angeles. Fieldwork was done during the spring, autumn, and winter months from 1952 to 1955 and during short intervals from 1956 to 1959. This report and map represent part of a geologic investigation by the U.S. Geological Survey of the known and potential deposits of borate minerals in the southern California desert regions. The primary purpose of this report and the geologic map is to provide a geologic background for the exploration for possible concealed borate deposits in the western Mojave Desert, based upon (1) the geology of the known deposits of these minerals within the region, (2) the areal geology of the region, and (3) the subsurface geology as determined insofar as possible from logs of exploratory test holes, mine workings, and geophysical data. Available logs of test holes so used, including those drilled for petroleum and some for water, and of borate mine shafts are summarized in tabulated form; the gravity geophysical data are published separately. The resulting geologic data are of use for many secondary purposes, such as exploration for other commodities, including petroleum and gas, and in evaluation of ground-water conditions.

Areal Geology of the Western Mojave Desert California

Archaeology

The Bureau of Land Management sponsored this report on the history of ecological change in Aravaipa Canyon and adjacent lands in order to gain a better understanding of alterations in the study area's natural environment and of the reasons for which it came to be in its present condition. The report attempts to record a century of land change and resource use along with the decisions and thought processes of the individuals and agencies which shaped Aravaipa's landscape. Before the initiation of this study, as old-timers from "the Aravaipa" passed away and documents were lost or discarded, the history of formative natural events (floods and freezes), the stories of individual family land use and residents' changing attitudes, the history of influential outsiders and government agencies were slowly disappearing. Fortunately, this report has preserved some of this valuable information. The report includes information on five separate aspects of land change. First, it gives a chronological history of landscape and species changes which have resulted from human occupation and settlement. Second, it offers a chronological history of landscape and species changes which resulted from natural causes, a task which centered on interpretation of the area's scanty weather data, a comparison of local data with more complete records from nearby locations, and a comparison between records and local recollections. Third, the report offers a chronological history of social and economic development in the Aravaipa area. This focuses on the mineral, soil, water, floral and faunal wealth of the study area, its discovery, abundance, availability, and allocation to trade or home use. Since the ability to make a living and the ability to use natural resources cannot be unraveled, the report also describes Aravaipa's in-migrations and out-migrations, population patterns and community structure. Fourth, the report attempts to assess the degree to which outside influences affected the social and economic lives and the production and consumption strategies of Aravaipa's resource users. Since Aravaipa settlers functioned as part of a larger political economy, this report is also a chronology of the impact of external capital, new technologies, political events on the state and national level, and the imposition of and reaction to a variety of governmental and agency regulations. Finally, the report discusses the world view and land ethic of Aravaipa residents. Throughout Aravaipa's history, residents were forced to make choices which reconciled their values with the harsh necessities of life. What one group considered edible food, another group abhorred. What one group considered reasonable and humane trapping, hunting or predator control, another group thought unreasonable and cruel. A moderate stocking rate for one rancher appeared too low or too high to another. The desire to record these changes in values required the cooperation of informants and led to the use of the method called ethnoecology. For the purposes of this report, ethnoecology has supplied the major tool for investigating perceptions of the environment and decisions about natural resources. The report attempts to place the informants' values and recollections within a broader framework of environmental change indicated by field observations and more academic evaluations.

Environmental Change in Aravaipa, 1870-1970: An Ethnoecological Survey (Cultural Resource Series)

Richard L. Proenneke—a modern-day Henry David Thoreau—built a cabin in Twin Lakes, Alaska, during the spring of 1968, sparking thirty years of personal growth in which he spent the majority of his time strengthening his relationship with the wilderness around him. Following in the footsteps of One Man’s Wilderness, a classic book compiling some of the mountain man’s journals, More Readings from One Man’s Wilderness chronicles Proenneke’s experiences with animals, the elements, park visitors, and observations he made while hiking in Lake Clark National Park and Preserve. A master woodcraftsman, a mechanical genius, a tireless hiker with a keen eye, and a journalist, Proenneke’s life at Twin Lakes has inspired thousands of readers for decades. Editor John Branson—a longtime friend of Proenneke’s and a park historian—ensures that Proenneke’s journals from 1974–1980 are kept entirely intact. His colloquial writing is not changed or altered, but Branson’s footnotes make his world more approachable by providing a background for names and places that may have otherwise been unknown. Any reader with a love for conservation and true-life wilderness narratives will undoubtedly admire and relish Proenneke’s tales of living in the wild.

Service, National Park

Historical Study & Educational Resources

South Florida was the location of many important events during the Cold War period 1945- 1989. Indeed, the region served as a forward command center for the projection of U.S. power into the Western Hemisphere throughout the conflict. The region’s proximity to Latin America made it an operational center for both covert and overt activities as the United States pursued its policy of containing communism. From the 1950s until the end of the Cold War, government officials directed operations from south Florida military installations such as Homestead Air Force Base, Opa Locka Marine Air Station, and the various U.S. Navy facilities in Key West that affected events in Guatemala, Cuba, Nicaragua, and other nations throughout Latin America. From Miami to Key West, quiet residential neighborhoods were havens for undercover operatives while the swamps and forests served as training grounds. From south Florida the United States launched numerous operations: the overthrow of the Arbenz government of Guatemala in 1954; the unsuccessful Bay of Pigs invasion of 1961; the military buildup necessitated by the Cuban missile crisis of 1962; surveillance, intelligence, and espionage activities against Cuba, Nicaragua, and other nations; and radio and television propaganda broadcasting to Cuba. All activities were justified under the U.S. foreign policy of containment. As the south Florida region helped shape these events, the events helped shape the region. In many cases, physical traces of these operations are still visible on the south Florida landscape. This Historic Resource Study (HRS) provides a historic context for, and identifies, sites in south Florida related to the Cold War and U.S. relations with Latin America. The report focuses on resources in and near the four national parks located in the region: Everglades National Park (Everglades NP), Biscayne National Park (Biscayne NP), Big Cypress National Preserve (Big Cypress NP), and Dry Tortugas National Park (Dry Tortugas NP). The study identifies structures, remains of structures, and landscapes where activities associated with the Cold War are reported to have taken place. This HRS pays particular attention to sites related to the events mentioned above as well as resources associated with the large Cuban exile population of south Florida. The historic context provides the basis for future nominations to the National Register of Historic Places.

Cold War in South Florida: Historic Resource Study

Hach, Steve

Nature & Ecology

See the best price to sell, buy, or rent books by Interior, U.S. Department of the. BookScouter helps to compare book prices from 25+ online bookstores and 30+ buyback vendors with a single search.

Books by Interior, U.S. Department of the