This book describes the world-historical forces, acting on the periphery of the modern world—in Russia in the 19th century and India in the 20th century which developed the idea of nonviolence in Tolstoy and then in Gandhi. It was from Tolstoy that Gandhi first learned of this idea, but those world-historical forces acted upon and through both men. Tolstoy and Gandhi were at first agents of modern reform, in Russia and India. But then they became rebels against it and led a profound resistance—a resistance spiritually rooted in the traditionalism of myriad peasant villages.

The ORIGINS OF NONVIOLENCe: Tolstoy and Gandhi in Their Historical Settings

Biographies & Memoirs

GREEN, MARTIN

Arts & Literature

Penn State University Press

Robinson Crusoe is one of the great myths of Western literature and one of the great adventures of all time. Martin Green traces the lineage of this influential novel and uses its offspring as cultural touchstones, revealing its universal theme of the white race's triumph, guilt, or anxiety over its relations with other races. Green has chosen representative retellings spanning a 250-year period from English, American, German, French, Swiss, and Scottish literatures to illustrate his theory. He examines the ways in which the story has been told—for children, as satire, as romance, as apocalypse and dystopia—and he provides the historical and cultural context for each work, broadening literary study into cultural study. Green's ultimate interest is the modern adventure tale, which begins with Defoe and is still being told today, that adventure which is the myth of modern society.

The Robinson Crusoe Story

Literature & Fiction

Literary

From Alexandre Dumas to Raymond Chandler, Martin Green examines adventure stories and their role in spreading the ideology of the modern nation-state.Seven Types of Adventure Tale studies widely read and influential adventure tales of the eighteenth through the twentieth centuries in the respectable literary forms. Some of the authors considered are Dumas, Scott, Defoe, Cooper, Verne, Buchan, Kipling, Twain, and Chandler. These stories, though adapted and copied innumerable times and read in their native languages and in translation throughout the Western world, have been largely neglected by literary theorists. Green offers a way to take the adventure tale seriously by positioning these stories within a new theoretical framework.Green places the tales in seven categories organized according to the type of central character in each story. The first category is the Robinson Crusoe story, which portrays the myth of entrepreneurial capitalism and "modern" or postfeudal politics. This story has appeared in one hundred well-known versions, including The Swiss Family Robinson and Lord of the Flies, since Defoe published his version.The second category is the Three Musketeers story, mythifying the birth of the French state and, by extension, the birth of other nation-states. The third is the Frontiersman story, originally about American history but a powerful myth far beyond U.S. borders. The fourth, the Avenger story, is tied to the myth of an avenging return by Napoleon to France, but more generally to a threat to the bourgeois ruling classes of the nineteenth-century Europe. The fifth is the Wanderer story, which relates to escaping from social discipline but also to spying and disguises and crossing frontiers of all kinds. The sixth, the Saga story, is a revision of the Icelandic and Teutonic sagas and reflects the myth of resurgent Germany after its unification in 1870. And the seventh category, more specific to the twentieth century, is the Hunted Man story, in which an individual hero is pitted against social juggernaut, such as the state, the Mafia, or a giant corporation.Seven Types of Adventure Tale is the second volume of a three-volume study of adventure by Green that began with The Robinson Crusoe Story.

Seven Types of Adventure Tale: An Etiology of a Major Genre

United States

In this final volume of the trilogy on the theme of adventure begun with The Robinson Crusoe Story and Seven Types of Adventure Tale, Martin Green argues that Western civilization and culture have been inspired and characterized by the idea of adventure as much as by more famous ideas like democracy and justice.Green explores the dimensions of both individual and group or political forms of adventure, uncovering the presence of the adventure idea, and tracing its influence, in various kinds of cultural activity and ideology, from exploration, sports, and nationalistic activity to philosophy, politics, science, and economics. In most cases, he finds a cult of energy, risk, and heroism that answers to the excitement of those stories defined as adventures. Moreover, he demonstrates that the cult is linked to masculinity and certain virtues associated with men rather than women. The Adventurous Male will augment ongoing discussion and debate in the realms of both feminism and the men's movement.

The Adventurous Male: Chapters in the History of the White Male Mind

History & Criticism

What do Stravinsky, Degas, Chaplin, Isak Dinesen, Meyerhold, Monty Python, and T. S. Eliot have in common? What do such disparate work as Picasso's Family of Saltimbanques," Bergman's "Sawdust and Tinsel," Waugh's "Put Out More Flags," and Pirandello's "Six Characters in Search of an Author" share? As [Green and Swan] persuasively argue in their new book, all have been influenced by the Italian commedia dell-arte. . . . Exaggeration, artifice, and a self-conscious theatricality are commedia's hallmarks; impertinence, mockery, and irony its weapons against the serious threats of the real world. No wonder, then, that commedia (along with the archetypes it supplies) exerted a fierce hold on the modernist imagination, and according to [the authors] left its imprint on virtually every area of Western culture from 1890 to 1930."-Michiko Kakutani in The New York Times"Green and Swan have given us an extraordinary interdisciplinary work. Using Diaghilev's Ballets Russes, the saltimbanque paintings of Picasso and Schoenberg's musical experiments as the starting point, they examine the modernist consciousness, which evolved from the 16th-century concept of the commedia dell'arte character of Pierrot, the original free-spirited revolutionary of European improvisational theater. Green and Swan are sweeping and occasionally breathtaking as they link the masters of modern literary culture to the tragicomic, grotesque traditions of the Harlequin: in literature, Rilke, Kafka, Brecht, and Weill; in art, Chagall and Rouault; in music, Stravinsky and Ravel; in film, Keaton, Chaplin, and the German expressionist montage of Lang and Wiene. From commedia to Caligari, the theme of this enormously provocative book is revolt and the modern spirit. . . . an intellectual tour de force."-Choice

The Triumph of Pierrot: The Commedia dell'Arte and the Modern Imagination

Humor & Entertainment

Swan, John

Humor

Von Richthofen Sisters: The Triumphant and Tragic Modes of Love

Basic Books

Professional Hairdressing (Hairdressing Training Board/Macmillan)

Palladino, Leo

Howson, Lesley

Health, Fitness & Dieting

Thomson Learning

Bt-Lifesavers

Ballantine Books

This complete cat owner's guide is the perfect ready-resource to have around the house to answer those questions that arise about your cat's health, happiness, and well-being. With helpful illustrations, here is a one-stop reference that no cat-loving owner will want to be without.

Home Pet Vet Guide: Cats

Crafts, Hobbies & Home

Pets & Animal Care

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